44th Amendment to the Constitution of India

E448912

Amendment to the Constitution of India Indian constitutional amendment

The 44th Amendment to the Constitution of India is a landmark constitutional reform enacted in 1978 that curtailed the sweeping powers introduced during the Emergency, strengthened civil liberties, and sought to prevent future abuses of emergency provisions.

Try in SPARQL Jump to: Surface forms Disambiguation Statements Elicitation Referenced by

All labels observed (3)

Label	Occurrences
44th Amendment to the Constitution of India canonical	2
Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978	1
Forty-fourth Amendment	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T4514492 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: 44th Amendment to the Constitution of India
Context triple: [Indian Emergency (1975–1977), impactOnConstitution, 44th Amendment to the Constitution of India]

A. 74th Constitutional Amendment Act of India
The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act of India is a landmark 1992 amendment that granted constitutional status to urban local bodies, strengthening municipal governance and promoting decentralization and local self-government in cities and towns.
B. Part XIV of the Constitution of India
Part XIV of the Constitution of India is the section that lays down the constitutional framework governing services under the Union and the States, including provisions for all-India services and public service commissions.
C. Part V of the Constitution of India
Part V of the Constitution of India lays down the framework, powers, and functions of the Union (central) government, including the executive, parliament, and judiciary at the national level.
D. Ninth Schedule
The Ninth Schedule is a section of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria that lists and organizes key public offices and institutions for constitutional and administrative purposes.
E. Article 54 of the Constitution of India
Article 54 of the Constitution of India lays down the provisions for the election of the President of India, including the composition of the electoral college responsible for choosing the President.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: 44th Amendment to the Constitution of India
Target entity description: The 44th Amendment to the Constitution of India is a landmark constitutional reform enacted in 1978 that curtailed the sweeping powers introduced during the Emergency, strengthened civil liberties, and sought to prevent future abuses of emergency provisions.

A. 74th Constitutional Amendment Act of India
The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act of India is a landmark 1992 amendment that granted constitutional status to urban local bodies, strengthening municipal governance and promoting decentralization and local self-government in cities and towns.
B. Part XIV of the Constitution of India
Part XIV of the Constitution of India is the section that lays down the constitutional framework governing services under the Union and the States, including provisions for all-India services and public service commissions.
C. Part V of the Constitution of India
Part V of the Constitution of India lays down the framework, powers, and functions of the Union (central) government, including the executive, parliament, and judiciary at the national level.
D. Ninth Schedule
The Ninth Schedule is a section of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria that lists and organizes key public offices and institutions for constitutional and administrative purposes.
E. Article 54 of the Constitution of India
Article 54 of the Constitution of India lays down the provisions for the election of the President of India, including the composition of the electoral college responsible for choosing the President.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (46)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Amendment to the Constitution of India ⓘ Indian constitutional amendment ⓘ
affectedArticle	Article 19 of the Constitution of India ⓘ Article 352 of the Constitution of India ⓘ Article 352(1) of the Constitution of India ⓘ linked to: Article 352 of the Constitution of India Article 356 of the Constitution of India ⓘ Article 359 of the Constitution of India ⓘ Article 74 of the Constitution of India ⓘ Article 83 of the Constitution of India ⓘ
affectedPart	Part III of the Constitution of India ⓘ Part XVIII of the Constitution of India ⓘ
aim	to protect democratic institutions from authoritarian misuse ⓘ to reinforce the supremacy of civil liberties ⓘ
amendmentNumber	44 ⓘ
assentBy	President of India ⓘ
assentDate	1978-04-30 ⓘ
category	1978 in Indian law ⓘ Constitutional law of India ⓘ linked to: Indian constitutional law
context	post-Emergency constitutional reform ⓘ
country	India ⓘ
effect	introduced safeguards against misuse of Article 352 ⓘ limited the scope of suspension of fundamental rights during emergency ⓘ made it more difficult to proclaim a national emergency ⓘ provided for periodic parliamentary review of emergency proclamations ⓘ provided that certain freedoms under Article 19 cannot be suspended except in case of war or external aggression ⓘ required special majority for approval of emergency proclamations ⓘ required that a proclamation of emergency be approved by both Houses of Parliament ⓘ required written advice of the Council of Ministers to the President ⓘ restored certain fundamental rights curtailed during the Emergency ⓘ restored the right to property as a legal right rather than a fundamental right ⓘ restricted the duration of President's Rule under Article 356 ⓘ strengthened judicial review of emergency-related actions ⓘ
enactmentDate	1978-04-30 ⓘ
enactmentYear	1978 ⓘ
historicalSignificance	considered a landmark in restoring constitutional balance after the Emergency ⓘ
introducedBy	Janata Party government ⓘ linked to: Janata Party
legalStatus	in force ⓘ
legislature	Parliament of India ⓘ
partOf	Constitution of India ⓘ
purpose	to curtail sweeping powers introduced during the Emergency ⓘ to prevent abuse of emergency provisions ⓘ to reverse several provisions of the 42nd Amendment ⓘ to strengthen civil liberties ⓘ
relatedTo	42nd Amendment to the Constitution of India ⓘ linked to: Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976 Emergency in India (1975–1977) ⓘ linked to: Indian Emergency (1975–1977)
shortName	Forty-fourth Amendment ⓘ linked to: 44th Amendment to the Constitution of India

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (4)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Indian Emergency (1975–1977) → impactOnConstitution → 44th Amendment to the Constitution of India ⓘ

Article 124 of the Constitution of India → amendedBy → Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978 ⓘ

linked to: 44th Amendment to the Constitution of India

Article 74 of the Constitution of India → amendedBy → 44th Amendment to the Constitution of India ⓘ

44th Amendment to the Constitution of India → shortName → Forty-fourth Amendment ⓘ