Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air
E425601
The Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air is a United Nations treaty that supplements the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime by establishing international measures to prevent and combat the smuggling of migrants while protecting their rights.
All labels observed (4)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T4267255 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air Context triple: [United Nations crime suppression conventions, includesInstrument, Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air]
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A.
Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings
The Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings is a Council of Europe treaty that comprehensively addresses human trafficking through prevention, victim protection, and prosecution of traffickers.
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B.
Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration process
The Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration process is a United Nations–led intergovernmental initiative that developed the first comprehensive global framework for managing international migration in a cooperative and rights-based manner.
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C.
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance
The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance is a United Nations human rights treaty that prohibits enforced disappearances and obliges states to prevent, investigate, and punish this practice while ensuring justice and reparations for victims and their families.
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D.
International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
The International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families is a United Nations human rights treaty that sets comprehensive standards to protect the rights and dignity of migrant workers and their families regardless of their legal status.
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E.
Convention on the Harmonization of Frontier Controls of Goods
The Convention on the Harmonization of Frontier Controls of Goods is a United Nations treaty that streamlines and coordinates customs and border procedures to facilitate international trade and transport.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air Target entity description: The Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air is a United Nations treaty that supplements the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime by establishing international measures to prevent and combat the smuggling of migrants while protecting their rights.
-
A.
Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings
The Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings is a Council of Europe treaty that comprehensively addresses human trafficking through prevention, victim protection, and prosecution of traffickers.
-
B.
Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration process
The Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration process is a United Nations–led intergovernmental initiative that developed the first comprehensive global framework for managing international migration in a cooperative and rights-based manner.
-
C.
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance
The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance is a United Nations human rights treaty that prohibits enforced disappearances and obliges states to prevent, investigate, and punish this practice while ensuring justice and reparations for victims and their families.
-
D.
International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
The International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families is a United Nations human rights treaty that sets comprehensive standards to protect the rights and dignity of migrant workers and their families regardless of their legal status.
-
E.
Convention on the Harmonization of Frontier Controls of Goods
The Convention on the Harmonization of Frontier Controls of Goods is a United Nations treaty that streamlines and coordinates customs and border procedures to facilitate international trade and transport.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United Nations treaty
ⓘ
international treaty ⓘ protocol to a convention ⓘ |
| administeredBy | United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime ⓘ |
| adoptedBy | United Nations General Assembly ⓘ |
| adoptionDate | 2000-11-15 ⓘ |
| adoptionPlace | New York City ⓘ |
| aimsTo |
combat the smuggling of migrants
ⓘ
prevent the exploitation of smuggled migrants ⓘ prevent the smuggling of migrants ⓘ promote cooperation among States Parties ⓘ protect the rights of smuggled migrants ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs | Migrant Smuggling Protocol ⓘ |
| category | United Nations crime prevention instrument ⓘ |
| concludedAt | Palermo ⓘ |
| contains |
provisions on confidentiality and data protection
ⓘ
provisions on information campaigns to prevent migrant smuggling ⓘ provisions on return of smuggled migrants ⓘ |
| depositedWith | Secretary-General of the United Nations ⓘ |
| emphasizes |
humane treatment of smuggled migrants
ⓘ
non-criminalization of migrants for having been smuggled ⓘ safety and life of migrants at sea ⓘ |
| entryIntoForceDate | 2004-01-28 ⓘ |
| fullName | Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air ⓘ |
| language |
Arabic
ⓘ
Chinese ⓘ English ⓘ French ⓘ Russian ⓘ Spanish ⓘ |
| legalBasisFor | national legislation on migrant smuggling in many States ⓘ |
| obligesStatesTo |
adopt legislative and other measures to establish migrant smuggling as a criminal offence
ⓘ
cooperate in preventing and suppressing the smuggling of migrants by sea ⓘ exchange information to combat migrant smuggling ⓘ provide or strengthen training for immigration and other relevant officials ⓘ strengthen border controls to prevent and detect migrant smuggling ⓘ |
| openedForSignatureDate | 2000-12-12 ⓘ |
| openedForSignaturePlace | Palermo ⓘ |
| partOf |
Palermo Protocols
ⓘ
linked to:
Palermo Convention
|
| protects | rights of smuggled migrants ⓘ |
| relatedInstrument |
Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition
ⓘ
Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children ⓘ |
| requiresStatesTo |
criminalize enabling a person to remain illegally in a State
ⓘ
criminalize producing fraudulent travel or identity documents ⓘ criminalize the smuggling of migrants ⓘ |
| shortName | Smuggling of Migrants Protocol ⓘ |
| subjectMatter |
smuggling of migrants
ⓘ
transnational organized crime ⓘ |
| supplements | United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air Description of subject: The Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air is a United Nations treaty that supplements the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime by establishing international measures to prevent and combat the smuggling of migrants while protecting their rights.
Referenced by (10)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
United Nations crime suppression conventions
→
includesInstrument
→
Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air
ⓘ
United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime
→
hasProtocol
→
Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air
ⓘ
Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children
→
relatedInstrument
→
Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air
ⓘ
Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air
→
fullName
→
Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air
ⓘ
Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air
→
shortName
→
Smuggling of Migrants Protocol
ⓘ
linked to: Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air
Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air
→
alsoKnownAs
→
Migrant Smuggling Protocol
ⓘ
linked to: Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air
United Nations Security Council Resolution 2240
→
callsUpon
→
Member States to share information on migrant smuggling
ⓘ
linked to: Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air
Palermo Convention
→
hasProtocol
→
Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air
ⓘ
Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime
→
relatedTo
→
Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air
ⓘ