Sturm und Drang

E41405

Sturm und Drang was a late 18th-century German literary and cultural movement characterized by emotional intensity, individualism, and rebellion against Enlightenment rationalism, and is often seen as a precursor to Romanticism.

All labels observed (7)

How this entity was disambiguated

Statements (208)

Predicate Object
instanceOf cultural movement
literary movement
aim affirmation of individual genius
creation of a distinct German literature
critique of rationalist constraints
exploration of extreme emotions
liberation of artistic expression
countryOfOrigin Germany
endTime early 1780s
etymology German phrase meaning "storm and stress"
field aesthetics
drama
literature
music
poetry
prose fiction
theatre
genre Classical-period music
German drama
German literature
German poetry
German prose
symphonic music
theatrical drama
hasCharacteristic admiration for Shakespearean drama
anti-classicism
conflict between feeling and social norms
conflict between individual and society
conflict between nature and civilization
critique of absolutism
critique of social hierarchy
dramatic conflicts
dramatic monologues
emotional intensity
emphasis on authenticity
emphasis on creative genius
emphasis on emotional truth
emphasis on freedom
emphasis on inner experience
emphasis on musicality of language
emphasis on originality
emphasis on originality over imitation
emphasis on spontaneity
emphasis on strong passions
experimentation with dramatic form
focus on father–son conflicts
focus on middle-class and lower-class characters
focus on the outsider and rebel
focus on youthful protagonists
genius cult
individualism
intense emotional conflicts
interest in Shakespeare
interest in autobiographical elements
interest in confessional writing
interest in criminal and marginal figures
interest in epistolary form
interest in extreme situations
interest in fate and destiny
interest in folk culture
interest in folk songs and ballads
interest in genius as outsider
interest in historical and national themes
interest in innate human goodness
interest in irrational drives
interest in medieval and national past
interest in natural law
interest in regional dialects
interest in sentimentalism
interest in spontaneous expression
interest in the grotesque
interest in the irrational
interest in the sublime
interest in the uncanny
nature worship
night and tempest motifs
pathetic fallacy
prefiguration of Romantic genius cult
prefiguration of Romantic nature concept
prefiguration of Romantic subjectivity
psychological depth
rebellion against Enlightenment rationalism
rejection of Aristotelian unities
rejection of French neoclassicism
rejection of strict literary rules
revolt against authority
social criticism
stormy natural imagery
subjectivity
suicide motifs
tragic endings
tragic love
transition towards Romanticism
use of colloquial language
use of fragmentary forms
use of open form drama
use of prose drama
hasNotableAuthor Christian Friedrich Daniel Schubart
Friedrich Maximilian Klinger
Friedrich Müller (Maler Müller)
Friedrich Schiller
Heinrich Leopold Wagner
Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz
Johann Anton Leisewitz
Johann Gottfried Herder
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
hasNotableComposer Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach
Christoph Willibald Gluck
Franz Joseph Rosetti
Johann Baptist Vanhal
Joseph Haydn
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
hasNotableMusicWork C. P. E. Bach keyboard sonatas of the 1760s–1770s
Haydn Symphony No. 44 "Trauer"
Haydn Symphony No. 45 "Farewell"
Haydn Symphony No. 49 "La passione"
Haydn Symphony No. 52
Mozart Symphony No. 25 in G minor
Mozart Symphony No. 40 in G minor
Rosetti symphonies in minor keys
Vanhal symphonies in minor keys
hasNotableWork "Der Hofmeister"
"Die Leiden des jungen Werthers"
"Die Räuber"
"Götz von Berlichingen"
"Kabale und Liebe"
"Sturm und Drang" (play)
linked to: Sturm und Drang
hasPart Sturm und Drang aesthetics
Sturm und Drang drama
Sturm und Drang literature
Sturm und Drang music
Sturm und Drang poetry
linked to: Sturm und Drang

Sturm und Drang prose
Sturm und Drang theatre
linked to: Sturm und Drang
hasTheme authenticity and hypocrisy
class conflict
conflict between feeling and reason
family conflict
fate and self-determination
freedom and oppression
genius and society
honor and revenge
inner conflict
irrational drives
love and despair
moral ambiguity
national identity
nature and civilization
social injustice
suicide
the conflict between duty and passion
the limits of reason
the power of music
the sublime in nature
the suffering of genius
tragic love
youthful rebellion
historicalContext Holy Roman Empire
age of Enlightenment
late Baroque to Classical transition
pre-Romantic era
rise of German national consciousness
influenced European Romanticism
German Romanticism
linked to: Romanticism

German national literature
later German drama
influencedBy English literature
Enlightenment
Ossianic poetry
linked to: Ossian

Shakespeare
linked to: William Shakespeare

folk traditions
sensibility movement
language German
mainRegion German-speaking Europe
movementPeriod late 18th century
musicStyleCharacteristic agitated rhythms
chromaticism
dramatic crescendos
dramatic orchestral effects
emotional intensity in symphonies
emphasis on contrast
emphasis on dramatic narrative
emphasis on emotional extremes
emphasis on expressive melody
emphasis on orchestral color
emphasis on tension and release
expressive dissonance
expressive use of silence
minor keys
orchestral tremolos
stormy character
sudden dynamic contrasts
sudden textural changes
syncopation
use of minor-mode slow movements
namedAfter play "Sturm und Drang" by Friedrich Maximilian Klinger
opposedTo Enlightenment rationalism
French neoclassicism
linked to: Neoclassicism

absolutist authority
classical rules of drama
social conformity
relatedTo Empfindsamkeit
German Enlightenment
Pre-Romanticism
Romanticism
Sentimentalism
Weimar Classicism
startTime late 1760s

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (53)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Romanticism relatedMovement Sturm und Drang
Johann Gottfried Herder movement Sturm und Drang
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe movement Sturm und Drang
Sturm und Drang hasPart Sturm und Drang poetry
linked to: Sturm und Drang
Sturm und Drang hasPart Sturm und Drang theatre
linked to: Sturm und Drang
Sturm und Drang hasNotableWork "Sturm und Drang" (play)
linked to: Sturm und Drang
On the Spirit of Hebrew Poetry movement Sturm und Drang
Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach movement Sturm und Drang
Johann Gottfried Herder movement Sturm und Drang
subject linked to: Gottfried
Pre-Romanticism relatedMovement Sturm und Drang
Friedrich Schiller movement Sturm und Drang
Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock movement Sturm und Drang
Weimar Classicism relatedTo Sturm und Drang
Egmont literaryMovement Sturm und Drang
An die Freude literaryMovement Sturm und Drang
Symphony No. 25 in G minor style Sturm und Drang
Empfindsamkeit influenced Sturm und Drang
Empfindsamkeit relatedTo Sturm und Drang
Sentimentalism relatedMovement Sturm und Drang
Symphony No. 45 in F-sharp minor, "Farewell" style Sturm und Drang
Symphony No. 49 "La passione" style Sturm und Drang
Symphony No. 52 in C minor (Haydn) style Sturm und Drang
subject linked to: Haydn Symphony No. 52
August von Kotzebue movement Sturm und Drang
Götz von Berlichingen genre Sturm und Drang
subject linked to: "Götz von Berlichingen"
Götz von Berlichingen movement Sturm und Drang
subject linked to: "Götz von Berlichingen"
Die Räuber literaryMovement Sturm und Drang
subject linked to: "Die Räuber"
Die Räuber movementExemplified Sturm und Drang
subject linked to: "Die Räuber"
Kabale und Liebe movement Sturm und Drang
subject linked to: "Kabale und Liebe"
Kabale und Liebe literaryPeriod Sturm und Drang
subject linked to: "Kabale und Liebe"
Der Hofmeister movement Sturm und Drang
subject linked to: "Der Hofmeister"
Der Hofmeister partOf German Sturm und Drang canon
subject linked to: "Der Hofmeister"
linked to: Sturm und Drang
Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz movement Sturm und Drang
Johann Baptist Vanhal movement Sturm und Drang
Franz Joseph Rosetti associatedWith Sturm und Drang
Franz Joseph Rosetti movement Sturm und Drang
Franz Joseph Rosetti artisticStyle Sturm und Drang
Symphony No. 44 "Trauer" style Sturm und Drang
subject linked to: Haydn Symphony No. 44 "Trauer"
Johann Anton Leisewitz movement Sturm und Drang
Johann Anton Leisewitz writingStyle Sturm und Drang
An die Freude literaryMovement Sturm und Drang
On the New German Literature movement Sturm und Drang
Empfindsamer Stil relatedConcept Sturm und Drang
Friedrich Maximilian Klinger movement Sturm und Drang
Friedrich Maximilian Klinger notableWork Sturm und Drang
Friedrich Maximilian Klinger influenced Sturm und Drang movement
linked to: Sturm und Drang