Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act

E403281

United States federal statute sports betting law

The Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act was a U.S. federal law enacted in 1992 that largely prohibited states from authorizing or licensing sports betting, effectively limiting legal sports wagering to a few grandfathered jurisdictions until it was struck down by the Supreme Court in 2018.

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All labels observed (2)

Label	Occurrences
Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act canonical	6
Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act of 1992	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3980944 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act
Context triple: [Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association, challengedStatute, Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act]

A. Simpson–Mazzoli Act
The Simpson–Mazzoli Act is a landmark 1986 U.S. federal law that overhauled immigration policy by granting amnesty to certain undocumented immigrants while imposing new sanctions on employers who hired unauthorized workers.
B. PACT Act
The PACT Act is a U.S. law that expands healthcare and benefits for veterans exposed to burn pits and other toxic substances during their military service.
C. Walsh Act
The Walsh Act is a New Jersey municipal government law that establishes a commission form of city administration, with a small elected board combining both legislative and executive powers.
D. Indian Gaming Regulatory Act
The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act is a 1988 U.S. federal law that establishes the legal framework and regulatory structure for Native American gaming operations on tribal lands.
E. Major League Baseball drug prevention and treatment program
The Major League Baseball drug prevention and treatment program is MLB’s comprehensive policy framework for testing, deterring, and addressing the use of performance-enhancing and other prohibited substances by players.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act
Target entity description: The Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act was a U.S. federal law enacted in 1992 that largely prohibited states from authorizing or licensing sports betting, effectively limiting legal sports wagering to a few grandfathered jurisdictions until it was struck down by the Supreme Court in 2018.

A. Simpson–Mazzoli Act
The Simpson–Mazzoli Act is a landmark 1986 U.S. federal law that overhauled immigration policy by granting amnesty to certain undocumented immigrants while imposing new sanctions on employers who hired unauthorized workers.
B. PACT Act
The PACT Act is a U.S. law that expands healthcare and benefits for veterans exposed to burn pits and other toxic substances during their military service.
C. Walsh Act
The Walsh Act is a New Jersey municipal government law that establishes a commission form of city administration, with a small elected board combining both legislative and executive powers.
D. Indian Gaming Regulatory Act
The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act is a 1988 U.S. federal law that establishes the legal framework and regulatory structure for Native American gaming operations on tribal lands.
E. Major League Baseball drug prevention and treatment program
The Major League Baseball drug prevention and treatment program is MLB’s comprehensive policy framework for testing, deterring, and addressing the use of performance-enhancing and other prohibited substances by players.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (49)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	United States federal statute ⓘ sports betting law ⓘ
affectedIndustry	sports betting industry ⓘ
allowedActivity	Nevada single-game sports betting ⓘ existing sports lotteries in certain states ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	Bradley Act ⓘ
appliedTo	amateur sports ⓘ professional sports ⓘ
codifiedIn	Title 28 of the United States Code ⓘ
constitutionalChallenge	Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association ⓘ linked to: Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association (2018)
constitutionalIssue	Tenth Amendment anti-commandeering doctrine ⓘ linked to: anti-commandeering doctrine in United States constitutional law
country	United States ⓘ linked to: United States of America
dateEnacted	1992-10-28 ⓘ
effectOfOverturning	allowed states to legalize sports betting ⓘ ended federal prohibition on state-authorized sports wagering ⓘ
enactedBy	United States Congress ⓘ
enforcementMechanism	civil actions by professional sports organizations ⓘ civil actions by the United States Attorney General ⓘ
grandfatheredJurisdiction	Delaware ⓘ Montana ⓘ Nevada ⓘ Oregon ⓘ
legislativeChamberOfOrigin	United States Senate ⓘ
overturnedBy	Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association ⓘ linked to: Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association (2018)
overturnedByCourt	Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ
overturnedDate	2018-05-14 ⓘ
overturnedYear	2018 ⓘ
policyArea	gambling regulation ⓘ sports law ⓘ
primaryPurpose	to prohibit states from authorizing sports betting ⓘ to stop the spread of state-sponsored sports gambling ⓘ
prohibitedActivity	state authorization of sports wagering schemes ⓘ state licensing of sports betting ⓘ
publicLawNumber	Public Law 102-559 ⓘ
repealStatus	invalidated by Supreme Court decision ⓘ
restrictedEntity	sports organizations ⓘ state subdivisions ⓘ states ⓘ
section	28 U.S.C. § 3701 ⓘ 28 U.S.C. § 3702 ⓘ 28 U.S.C. § 3703 ⓘ 28 U.S.C. § 3704 ⓘ
shortName	PASPA ⓘ
signedBy	George H. W. Bush ⓘ
sponsorInSenate	Bill Bradley ⓘ
subjectOf	debate over integrity of sports competitions ⓘ policy discussions on gambling expansion ⓘ
titleOfAct	Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act of 1992 ⓘ linked to: Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act
yearEnacted	1992 ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (7)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association → challengedStatute → Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act ⓘ

subject linked to: Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association (2018)

Christie v. National Collegiate Athletic Association → challengesStatute → Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act ⓘ

Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act → titleOfAct → Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act of 1992 ⓘ

linked to: Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act

PASPA → fullName → Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act ⓘ

The Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act’s provisions prohibiting state authorization of sports gambling schemes violate the anti-commandeering rule of the Tenth Amendment → appliesToStatute → Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act ⓘ

subject linked to: The Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act’s provisions prohibiting state authorization of sports gambling schemes violate the anti-commandeering rule of the Tenth Amendment.

PASPA was struck down as unconstitutional → refersTo → Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act ⓘ

subject linked to: PASPA was struck down as unconstitutional.

PASPA was struck down as unconstitutional → overturnedStatute → Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act ⓘ