Battle of Cunaxa
E372844
The Battle of Cunaxa was a 401 BC clash near Babylon in which Cyrus the Younger, supported by the Greek mercenaries later chronicled in Xenophon’s *Anabasis*, unsuccessfully attempted to seize the Persian throne from his brother Artaxerxes II.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Battle of Cunaxa canonical | 11 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3590742 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Battle of Cunaxa Context triple: [Anabasis, notableEpisode, Battle of Cunaxa]
-
A.
Battle of Carchemish
The Battle of Carchemish was a decisive 605 BC clash in which the Babylonians under Nebuchadnezzar II defeated the Egyptians and remnants of the Assyrian army, marking the end of Assyrian power and the rise of the Neo-Babylonian Empire.
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B.
Battle of Opis
The Battle of Opis was a decisive 539 BC engagement in which Cyrus the Great’s Persian forces defeated the Neo-Babylonian army, leading to the fall of Babylon and the expansion of the Achaemenid Empire.
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C.
Battle of Gaugamela
The Battle of Gaugamela was a decisive 331 BC clash in which Alexander the Great defeated Persian king Darius III, effectively leading to the fall of the Achaemenid Empire and securing Macedonian dominance in the Near East.
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D.
Battle of Bapheus
The Battle of Bapheus was a pivotal 1302 victory of the early Ottoman forces over the Byzantine Empire that helped establish Osman I’s power and marked a key step in the rise of the Ottoman state.
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E.
Battle of Naulochus
The Battle of Naulochus was a decisive 36 BC naval clash off the coast of Sicily in which Octavian’s admiral Agrippa destroyed Sextus Pompey’s fleet, securing control of the western Mediterranean during the Roman civil wars.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Battle of Cunaxa Target entity description: The Battle of Cunaxa was a 401 BC clash near Babylon in which Cyrus the Younger, supported by the Greek mercenaries later chronicled in Xenophon’s *Anabasis*, unsuccessfully attempted to seize the Persian throne from his brother Artaxerxes II.
-
A.
Battle of Carchemish
The Battle of Carchemish was a decisive 605 BC clash in which the Babylonians under Nebuchadnezzar II defeated the Egyptians and remnants of the Assyrian army, marking the end of Assyrian power and the rise of the Neo-Babylonian Empire.
-
B.
Battle of Opis
The Battle of Opis was a decisive 539 BC engagement in which Cyrus the Great’s Persian forces defeated the Neo-Babylonian army, leading to the fall of Babylon and the expansion of the Achaemenid Empire.
-
C.
Battle of Gaugamela
The Battle of Gaugamela was a decisive 331 BC clash in which Alexander the Great defeated Persian king Darius III, effectively leading to the fall of the Achaemenid Empire and securing Macedonian dominance in the Near East.
-
D.
Battle of Bapheus
The Battle of Bapheus was a pivotal 1302 victory of the early Ottoman forces over the Byzantine Empire that helped establish Osman I’s power and marked a key step in the rise of the Ottoman state.
-
E.
Battle of Naulochus
The Battle of Naulochus was a decisive 36 BC naval clash off the coast of Sicily in which Octavian’s admiral Agrippa destroyed Sextus Pompey’s fleet, securing control of the western Mediterranean during the Roman civil wars.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
battle
ⓘ
military conflict ⓘ |
| aftermath |
Greek mercenaries marched north to the Black Sea
ⓘ
Greek mercenaries stranded deep in Persian territory ⓘ |
| belligerent |
Achaemenid royal army
ⓘ
linked to:
Persian army
Artaxerxes II ⓘ Cyrus the Younger ⓘ Greek mercenaries ⓘ |
| cause | Cyrus the Younger’s attempt to seize the Persian throne ⓘ |
| combatantStrength |
Artaxerxes II’s army was numerically superior
ⓘ
Cyrus the Younger’s army included about 10,000 Greek hoplites ⓘ |
| commander |
Ariaeus
ⓘ
Artaxerxes II ⓘ Clearchus of Sparta ⓘ Cyrus the Younger ⓘ |
| conflictOf | Cyrus the Younger’s rebellion ⓘ |
| conflictType | civil war battle ⓘ |
| date | 401 BC ⓘ |
| describedIn | Anabasis ⓘ |
| era | Classical antiquity ⓘ |
| hasLanguageSource | Ancient Greek accounts ⓘ |
| hasParticipant |
Xenophon
ⓘ
the Ten Thousand ⓘ |
| historicalPeriod | late 5th century BC ⓘ |
| killedPerson | Cyrus the Younger ⓘ |
| locatedIn |
Achaemenid Empire
ⓘ
Mesopotamia ⓘ |
| locatedNear | Babylon ⓘ |
| location | Cunaxa ⓘ |
| militaryTactic | Greek hoplite phalanx ⓘ |
| notableFor |
detailed first-hand Greek narrative of a Persian campaign
ⓘ
use of Greek hoplite mercenaries in Persian civil war ⓘ |
| opponentOf |
Artaxerxes II
ⓘ
Cyrus the Younger ⓘ |
| outcome |
death of Cyrus the Younger
ⓘ
defeat of Cyrus the Younger’s forces ⓘ |
| partOf |
Achaemenid dynastic struggles
ⓘ
Cyrus the Younger’s campaign against Artaxerxes II ⓘ |
| politicalContext | succession dispute in the Achaemenid Empire ⓘ |
| primarySourceAuthor | Xenophon ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Achaemenid Empire
ⓘ
Persian–Greek relations ⓘ |
| relatedWork |
Anabasis by Xenophon
ⓘ
linked to:
Anabasis
|
| result | victory for Artaxerxes II ⓘ |
| significance |
secured Artaxerxes II on the Persian throne
ⓘ
triggered the retreat of the Ten Thousand ⓘ |
| year | 401 BC ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Battle of Cunaxa Description of subject: The Battle of Cunaxa was a 401 BC clash near Babylon in which Cyrus the Younger, supported by the Greek mercenaries later chronicled in Xenophon’s *Anabasis*, unsuccessfully attempted to seize the Persian throne from his brother Artaxerxes II.
Referenced by (11)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.