Proto-Greek

E37106

ancestor language proto-language reconstructed language

Proto-Greek is the reconstructed common ancestor of all known varieties of Ancient and Modern Greek, spoken in the late Bronze Age before the differentiation of dialects such as Ionic.

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All labels observed (3)

Label	Occurrences
Proto-Greek canonical	6
Proto-Hellenic	2
Proto-Greek language	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T285244 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Proto-Greek
Context triple: [Ionic Greek, developedFrom, Proto-Greek]

A. Proto-Indo-European
Proto-Indo-European is the reconstructed common ancestor of the vast Indo-European language family, from which many ancient and modern languages of Europe and Asia are derived.
B. Proto-Celtic
Proto-Celtic is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Celtic languages, spoken in prehistoric times before their diversification into distinct branches such as Goidelic and Brythonic.
C. Proto-Goidelic
Proto-Goidelic is the reconstructed early Celtic language stage that gave rise to the Goidelic branch, including Primitive Irish and later Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Manx.
D. Proto-Italic
Proto-Italic is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Italic branch of the Indo-European language family, from which languages like Latin and its descendants evolved.
E. Proto-Albanian
Proto-Albanian is the reconstructed prehistoric stage of the Albanian language, representing the common ancestor from which all later Albanian dialects developed.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Proto-Greek
Target entity description: Proto-Greek is the reconstructed common ancestor of all known varieties of Ancient and Modern Greek, spoken in the late Bronze Age before the differentiation of dialects such as Ionic.

A. Proto-Indo-European
Proto-Indo-European is the reconstructed common ancestor of the vast Indo-European language family, from which many ancient and modern languages of Europe and Asia are derived.
B. Proto-Celtic
Proto-Celtic is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Celtic languages, spoken in prehistoric times before their diversification into distinct branches such as Goidelic and Brythonic.
C. Proto-Goidelic
Proto-Goidelic is the reconstructed early Celtic language stage that gave rise to the Goidelic branch, including Primitive Irish and later Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Manx.
D. Proto-Italic
Proto-Italic is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Italic branch of the Indo-European language family, from which languages like Latin and its descendants evolved.
E. Proto-Albanian
Proto-Albanian is the reconstructed prehistoric stage of the Albanian language, representing the common ancestor from which all later Albanian dialects developed.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (53)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	ancestor language ⓘ proto-language ⓘ reconstructed language ⓘ
ancestorOf	all known varieties of Ancient Greek ⓘ all known varieties of Modern Greek ⓘ
attestation	unattested ⓘ
followedBy	Aeolic dialect ⓘ linked to: Aeolic Greek Arcado-Cypriot dialect ⓘ linked to: Arcadocypriot Greek Attic dialect ⓘ linked to: Attic Greek Doric dialect ⓘ Ionic dialect ⓘ Mycenaean Greek ⓘ diversified Ancient Greek dialects ⓘ
glottologCode	none (reconstructed) ⓘ
hasAncestor	Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
hasDescendant	Aeolic Greek ⓘ Ancient Greek ⓘ Arcado-Cypriot Greek ⓘ linked to: Arcadocypriot Greek Attic Greek ⓘ Cappadocian Greek ⓘ Doric Greek ⓘ Homeric Greek ⓘ Ionic Greek ⓘ Koine Greek ⓘ Medieval Greek ⓘ Modern Greek ⓘ Mycenaean Greek ⓘ Pontic Greek ⓘ Standard Modern Greek ⓘ linked to: Modern Greek Tsakonian ⓘ Yevanic ⓘ
ISO639-3	none ⓘ
languageBranch	Hellenic ⓘ
languageStageOf	Greek language ⓘ
lexiconFeature	basic vocabulary inherited from Proto-Indo-European ⓘ
morphologyFeature	noun cases inherited from Proto-Indo-European ⓘ rich inflectional morphology ⓘ
partOf	Indo-European language family ⓘ
phonologyFeature	development of aspirated stops ⓘ loss of laryngeals from Proto-Indo-European ⓘ palatalization of velars before front vowels ⓘ
reconstructedBy	historical linguistics ⓘ
reconstructedFrom	Ancient Greek dialectal variation ⓘ Mycenaean Greek data ⓘ comparative evidence of Greek dialects ⓘ internal reconstruction ⓘ
spokenIn	Aegean region ⓘ linked to: Asia Minor Greek peninsula ⓘ southern Balkans ⓘ
subclassOf	Indo-European proto-languages ⓘ linked to: Indo-European language family
syntaxFeature	flexible word order ⓘ
timePeriod	late Bronze Age ⓘ
writingSystem	none (unattested, reconstructed) ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (9)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Ionic Greek → developedFrom → Proto-Greek ⓘ

Hellenic languages → ancestor → Proto-Hellenic ⓘ

linked to: Proto-Greek

Hellenic languages → hasProtoLanguage → Proto-Greek ⓘ

Ancient Greek → follows → Proto-Greek ⓘ

Proto-Indo-European → hasDescendant → Proto-Hellenic ⓘ

linked to: Proto-Greek

Greek language → hasAncestor → Proto-Greek language ⓘ

linked to: Proto-Greek

Northwest Greek → precededBy → Proto-Greek ⓘ

Ionian Greek → developedFrom → Proto-Greek ⓘ

Arcadocypriot Greek → developedFrom → Proto-Greek ⓘ

All labels observed (3)

How this entity was disambiguated Show

Statements (53)

How these facts were elicited Show

Referenced by (9)

How this entity was disambiguated

How these facts were elicited