Finno-Soviet Treaty of 1948

E363795

Cold War treaty bilateral treaty defence treaty international agreement mutual assistance pact

The Finno-Soviet Treaty of 1948 was a post–World War II mutual assistance pact that defined Finland’s neutral but Soviet-aligned security posture during the Cold War.

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All labels observed (7)

Label	Occurrences
Finno-Soviet Treaty of 1948 canonical	2
1948 Finno‑Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance	1
Agreement of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance between the Republic of Finland and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics	1
Finland–Soviet Union Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance	1
Finno-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance	1
Soviet–Finnish Treaty of 1948	1
Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance between Finland and the Soviet Union	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3493604 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Finno-Soviet Treaty of 1948
Context triple: [Soviet–Finnish relations, hasKeyEvent, Finno-Soviet Treaty of 1948]

A. Moscow Peace Treaty
The Moscow Peace Treaty was the 1940 agreement that ended the Winter War between Finland and the Soviet Union, forcing Finland to cede significant territories to the USSR.
B. Treaty of Tartu
The Treaty of Tartu was a 1920 peace agreement between Finland and Soviet Russia that settled their border and confirmed Finland’s independence following the Russian Revolution.
C. Treaty on the Creation of the USSR
The Treaty on the Creation of the USSR was the 1922 foundational agreement that united several Soviet republics into the federal state known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
D. Treaty of Riga
The Treaty of Riga was the 1921 peace agreement that ended hostilities between Poland and Soviet Russia (and Soviet Ukraine), redrew their borders, and concluded the Polish–Soviet War.
E. Treaty of Fredrikshamn
The Treaty of Fredrikshamn was an 1809 peace agreement between Sweden and Russia that ended the Finnish War and transferred Finland to Russian control, leading to its status as an autonomous Grand Duchy within the Russian Empire.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Finno-Soviet Treaty of 1948
Target entity description: The Finno-Soviet Treaty of 1948 was a post–World War II mutual assistance pact that defined Finland’s neutral but Soviet-aligned security posture during the Cold War.

A. Moscow Peace Treaty
The Moscow Peace Treaty was the 1940 agreement that ended the Winter War between Finland and the Soviet Union, forcing Finland to cede significant territories to the USSR.
B. Treaty of Tartu
The Treaty of Tartu was a 1920 peace agreement between Finland and Soviet Russia that settled their border and confirmed Finland’s independence following the Russian Revolution.
C. Treaty on the Creation of the USSR
The Treaty on the Creation of the USSR was the 1922 foundational agreement that united several Soviet republics into the federal state known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
D. Treaty of Riga
The Treaty of Riga was the 1921 peace agreement that ended hostilities between Poland and Soviet Russia (and Soviet Ukraine), redrew their borders, and concluded the Polish–Soviet War.
E. Treaty of Fredrikshamn
The Treaty of Fredrikshamn was an 1809 peace agreement between Sweden and Russia that ended the Finnish War and transferred Finland to Russian control, leading to its status as an autonomous Grand Duchy within the Russian Empire.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (48)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Cold War treaty ⓘ bilateral treaty ⓘ defence treaty ⓘ international agreement ⓘ mutual assistance pact ⓘ
aim	to formalize friendly relations between Finland and the Soviet Union ⓘ to prevent Finland from joining Western military alliances ⓘ to secure the northwestern flank of the Soviet Union ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	Agreement of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance between the Republic of Finland and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ⓘ linked to: Finno-Soviet Treaty of 1948 Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance ⓘ linked to: Agreement of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance (1948) YYA Treaty ⓘ
containsClause	consultation mechanism in case of threat of armed attack ⓘ obligation of mutual assistance in case of attack on Finland by Germany or its allies ⓘ prohibition on alliances directed against either party ⓘ recognition of Finland’s intention to stay outside great-power conflicts ⓘ
duration	20 years with automatic extensions ⓘ
entryIntoForceDate	1948-04-22 ⓘ
expirationDate	1992-12-31 ⓘ
extendedUntil	1992 ⓘ
geopoliticalRole	defined Finland’s neutral but Soviet-aligned security posture ⓘ served as a framework for Finnish–Soviet relations during the Cold War ⓘ
historicalContext	early Cold War ⓘ post–World War II European security order ⓘ
language	Finnish ⓘ Russian ⓘ
negotiatedBy	Juho Kusti Paasikivi ⓘ linked to: President Juho Kusti Paasikivi Vyacheslav Molotov ⓘ
party	Finland ⓘ Soviet Union ⓘ
politicalEffect	anchored Finland in the Soviet sphere of influence ⓘ contributed to the concept of Finlandization ⓘ formed a basis for the Paasikivi–Kekkonen line in Finnish foreign policy ⓘ limited Finland’s freedom to join Western defence structures ⓘ strengthened the position of President Juho Kusti Paasikivi ⓘ linked to: President Juho Kusti Paasikivi underpinned Finland’s policy of neutrality during the Cold War ⓘ
precededBy	Moscow Armistice of 1944 ⓘ linked to: Moscow Armistice with Finland
relatedTo	Finlandization ⓘ Paasikivi–Kekkonen line ⓘ Paris Peace Treaty of 1947 ⓘ linked to: Treaty of Paris 1947
replacedBy	Treaty between the Republic of Finland and the Russian Federation of 1992 ⓘ
signatory	Republic of Finland ⓘ linked to: Finland Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ⓘ linked to: Soviet Union
signedIn	Moscow ⓘ
signingDate	1948-04-06 ⓘ
subject	Finnish neutrality in great-power conflicts ⓘ Finnish territorial integrity ⓘ Soviet security interests in Northern Europe ⓘ mutual assistance in case of armed attack by Germany or its allies ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (8)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Soviet–Finnish relations → hasKeyEvent → Finno-Soviet Treaty of 1948 ⓘ

Soviet–Finnish relations → hasKeyTreaty → Finno-Soviet Treaty of 1948 ⓘ

Paasikivi–Kekkonen line → legalFramework → 1948 Finno‑Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance ⓘ