Tocharian languages

E3582

The Tocharian languages were an extinct branch of the Indo-European family once spoken in the Tarim Basin of Central Asia, known from early medieval manuscripts and notable for their archaic linguistic features.

All labels observed (8)

How this entity was disambiguated

Statements (53)

Predicate Object
instanceOf branch of Indo-European languages
extinct language family
alternativeName Arśi-Kuči languages
linked to: Tocharian languages

Tokharian languages
linked to: Tocharian languages
arealContactWith Gandhari Prakrit
Middle Iranian languages
Old Turkic
linked to: Southwestern Turkic
attestedIn Buddhist texts
commercial documents
manuscripts
monastic documents
branchOf Indo-European language family
discoveredBy Albert von Le Coq
Aurel Stein
extinctionPeriod by the end of the first millennium CE
geographicDistribution Karashahr region
linked to: Tarim Basin

Kucha region
linked to: Tarim Basin

Turfan region
linked to: Tarim Basin
hasPart Tocharian A
linked to: Tocharian languages

Tocharian B
linked to: Tocharian languages
historicalRegion Xinjiang
identifiedAsIndoEuropeanBy Emil Sieg
Wilhelm Siegling
ISO639-5Code txh
languageFamily Indo-European language family
lexicalBorrowingFrom Iranian languages
Middle Indic languages
Sanskrit
notableFeature agglutinative case system
archaic Indo-European morphology
centum Indo-European phonology
innovative verbal system
lack of grammatical gender in nouns
use of clitic pronouns
periodOfUse 1st millennium CE
religiousContext Buddhism
researchField Indo-European studies
historical linguistics
scriptUsed Brahmi script
Central Asian Brahmi
linked to: Brahmi script
spokenIn Central Asia
Tarim Basin
oases of the northern Tarim Basin
status extinct
subclassOf Indo-European languages
textualGenre Buddhist canonical translations
administrative records
medical texts
secular documents
timeOfAttestation 6th century CE
7th century CE
8th century CE
writingSystemType abugida

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (23)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Indo-European language family hasSubfamily Tocharian languages
Indo-European language family hasExtinctBranch Tocharian languages
Tocharian languages hasPart Tocharian A
linked to: Tocharian languages
Tocharian languages hasPart Tocharian B
linked to: Tocharian languages
Tocharian languages alternativeName Tokharian languages
linked to: Tocharian languages
Tocharian languages alternativeName Arśi-Kuči languages
linked to: Tocharian languages
Indo-Europeans gaveRiseTo Tocharian peoples
linked to: Tocharian languages
Tarim Basin ancientLanguages Tocharian
linked to: Tocharian languages
Proto-Indo-European hasDescendant Proto-Tocharian
linked to: Tocharian languages
Wilhelm Siegling fieldOfWork Tocharian languages
Wilhelm Siegling studied Tocharian A
linked to: Tocharian languages
Wilhelm Siegling studied Tocharian B
linked to: Tocharian languages
Emil Sieg fieldOfWork Tocharian languages
Emil Sieg studied Tocharian A
linked to: Tocharian languages
Emil Sieg studied Tocharian B
linked to: Tocharian languages
Kingdom of Kucha language Tocharian B
linked to: Tocharian languages
Kingdom of Kucha languageFamily Tocharian languages
Kuqa languageHistorically Tocharian B
linked to: Tocharian languages
Proto-Indo-European ancestorOf Tocharian languages
subject linked to: PIE
Proto-Indo-European hasBranch Tocharian
subject linked to: PIE
linked to: Tocharian languages
Turfan manuscripts hasLanguage Tocharian A
linked to: Tocharian languages
Turfan manuscripts hasLanguage Tocharian B
linked to: Tocharian languages
Turfan manuscripts associatedWithCulture Tocharian
linked to: Tocharian languages