Tocharian languages

E3582

The Tocharian languages were an extinct branch of the Indo-European family once spoken in the Tarim Basin of Central Asia, known from early medieval manuscripts and notable for their archaic linguistic features.

AI illustration

How this image was made

AI-generated illustration of Tocharian languages

This AI-generated illustration was produced by black-forest-labs/FLUX.2-dev (1024x1024) from a prompt written by openai/gpt-oss-120b from the entity's label + description.

Prompt

Generate an image of the Tocharian languages (The Tocharian languages were an extinct branch of the Indo-European family once spoken in the Tarim Basin of Central Asia, known from early medieval manuscripts and notable for their archaic linguistic features.)

All labels observed (10)

How this entity was disambiguated

Statements (53)

Predicate Object
instanceOf branch of Indo-European languages ⓘ
extinct language family ⓘ
alternativeName Arśi-Kuči languages ⓘ
linked to: Tocharian languages

Tokharian languages ⓘ
linked to: Tocharian languages
arealContactWith Gandhari Prakrit ⓘ
Middle Iranian languages ⓘ
Old Turkic ⓘ
linked to: Southwestern Turkic
attestedIn Buddhist texts ⓘ
commercial documents ⓘ
manuscripts ⓘ
monastic documents ⓘ
branchOf Indo-European language family ⓘ
discoveredBy Albert von Le Coq ⓘ
Aurel Stein ⓘ
extinctionPeriod by the end of the first millennium CE ⓘ
geographicDistribution Karashahr region ⓘ
linked to: Tarim Basin

Kucha region ⓘ
linked to: Tarim Basin

Turfan region ⓘ
linked to: Tarim Basin
hasPart Tocharian A ⓘ
linked to: Tocharian languages

Tocharian B ⓘ
linked to: Tocharian languages
historicalRegion Xinjiang ⓘ
identifiedAsIndoEuropeanBy Emil Sieg ⓘ
Wilhelm Siegling ⓘ
ISO639-5Code txh ⓘ
languageFamily Indo-European language family ⓘ
lexicalBorrowingFrom Iranian languages ⓘ
Middle Indic languages ⓘ
Sanskrit ⓘ
notableFeature agglutinative case system ⓘ
archaic Indo-European morphology ⓘ
centum Indo-European phonology ⓘ
innovative verbal system ⓘ
lack of grammatical gender in nouns ⓘ
use of clitic pronouns ⓘ
periodOfUse 1st millennium CE ⓘ
religiousContext Buddhism ⓘ
researchField Indo-European studies ⓘ
historical linguistics ⓘ
scriptUsed Brahmi script ⓘ
Central Asian Brahmi ⓘ
linked to: Brahmi script
spokenIn Central Asia ⓘ
Tarim Basin ⓘ
oases of the northern Tarim Basin ⓘ
status extinct ⓘ
subclassOf Indo-European languages ⓘ
textualGenre Buddhist canonical translations ⓘ
administrative records ⓘ
medical texts ⓘ
secular documents ⓘ
timeOfAttestation 6th century CE ⓘ
7th century CE ⓘ
8th century CE ⓘ
writingSystemType abugida ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (38)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Indo-European language family → hasSubfamily → Tocharian languages ⓘ
Indo-European language family → hasExtinctBranch → Tocharian languages ⓘ
Tocharian languages → hasPart → Tocharian A ⓘ
linked to: Tocharian languages
Tocharian languages → hasPart → Tocharian B ⓘ
linked to: Tocharian languages
Tocharian languages → alternativeName → Tokharian languages ⓘ
linked to: Tocharian languages
Tocharian languages → alternativeName → Arśi-Kuči languages ⓘ
linked to: Tocharian languages
Indo-Europeans → gaveRiseTo → Tocharian peoples ⓘ
linked to: Tocharian languages
Tarim Basin → ancientLanguages → Tocharian ⓘ
linked to: Tocharian languages
Proto-Indo-European → hasDescendant → Proto-Tocharian ⓘ
linked to: Tocharian languages
Wilhelm Siegling → fieldOfWork → Tocharian languages ⓘ
Wilhelm Siegling → studied → Tocharian A ⓘ
linked to: Tocharian languages
Wilhelm Siegling → studied → Tocharian B ⓘ
linked to: Tocharian languages
Emil Sieg → fieldOfWork → Tocharian languages ⓘ
Emil Sieg → studied → Tocharian A ⓘ
linked to: Tocharian languages
Emil Sieg → studied → Tocharian B ⓘ
linked to: Tocharian languages
Kingdom of Kucha → language → Tocharian B ⓘ
linked to: Tocharian languages
Kingdom of Kucha → languageFamily → Tocharian languages ⓘ
Kuqa → languageHistorically → Tocharian B ⓘ
linked to: Tocharian languages
Proto-Indo-European → ancestorOf → Tocharian languages ⓘ
subject linked to: PIE
Proto-Indo-European → hasBranch → Tocharian ⓘ
subject linked to: PIE
linked to: Tocharian languages
Turfan manuscripts → hasLanguage → Tocharian A ⓘ
linked to: Tocharian languages
Turfan manuscripts → hasLanguage → Tocharian B ⓘ
linked to: Tocharian languages
Turfan manuscripts → associatedWithCulture → Tocharian ⓘ
linked to: Tocharian languages
Kucha → associatedLanguage → Tocharian B ⓘ
linked to: Tocharian languages
Tocharians → languageBranch → Tocharian branch of Indo-European ⓘ
linked to: Tocharian languages
Tocharians → language → Tocharian A ⓘ
linked to: Tocharian languages
Tocharians → language → Tocharian B ⓘ
linked to: Tocharian languages
Tocharians → religiousTextLanguage → Tocharian A ⓘ
linked to: Tocharian languages
Tocharians → religiousTextLanguage → Tocharian B ⓘ
linked to: Tocharian languages
Tocharians → secularTextLanguage → Tocharian B ⓘ
linked to: Tocharian languages
Western Regions → languageDiversity → Tocharian languages ⓘ
Kuci → languageHistorical → Tocharian B (Kuchean) ⓘ
linked to: Tocharian languages
Khocho → languageUsed → Tocharian ⓘ
linked to: Tocharian languages
Bezeklik Caves → hasLanguageEvidence → Tocharian ⓘ
linked to: Tocharian languages
Turfan region → languageEvidence → Tocharian languages ⓘ
Afanasievo culture → associatedWithLanguageBranch → Proto-Tocharian ⓘ
linked to: Tocharian languages
Tang Empire western frontier → language → Tocharian ⓘ
linked to: Tocharian languages
Central Asian Buddhism → majorLanguageOfTexts → Tocharian ⓘ
linked to: Tocharian languages