Lugou Bridge
E317829
Lugou Bridge, also known as the Marco Polo Bridge, is a historic stone arch bridge in Beijing famous as the site where the Second Sino-Japanese War began in 1937.
All labels observed (6)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Lugou Bridge canonical | 7 |
| Lugouqiao | 3 |
| Lugou Bridge (Marco Polo Bridge) | 1 |
| Lugou Qiao | 1 |
| Marco Polo Bridge (Lugou Bridge) | 1 |
| Marco Polo Bridge area | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3015363 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lugou Bridge Context triple: [Fengtai District, contains, Lugou Bridge]
-
A.
Waibaidu Bridge
Waibaidu Bridge is a historic steel truss bridge in Shanghai, China, renowned as one of the city’s most iconic river crossings and architectural landmarks.
-
B.
Qiansimen Bridge
Qiansimen Bridge is a prominent cable-stayed road and rail bridge spanning the Jialing River in Chongqing, China, known for its striking red structure and views of the city’s skyline.
-
C.
Chengmei Bridge
Chengmei Bridge is a notable road bridge spanning the Keelung River in Taipei, Taiwan, serving as an important local transportation link.
-
D.
Dragon Bridge
Dragon Bridge is a prominent, dragon-shaped steel bridge in Da Nang, Vietnam, known for its striking LED lighting and fire- and water-breathing displays.
-
E.
Dragon Bridge
Dragon Bridge is a famous Art Nouveau road bridge in Ljubljana, Slovenia, renowned for its iconic dragon statues and status as one of the city’s best-known landmarks.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lugou Bridge Target entity description: Lugou Bridge, also known as the Marco Polo Bridge, is a historic stone arch bridge in Beijing famous as the site where the Second Sino-Japanese War began in 1937.
-
A.
Waibaidu Bridge
Waibaidu Bridge is a historic steel truss bridge in Shanghai, China, renowned as one of the city’s most iconic river crossings and architectural landmarks.
-
B.
Qiansimen Bridge
Qiansimen Bridge is a prominent cable-stayed road and rail bridge spanning the Jialing River in Chongqing, China, known for its striking red structure and views of the city’s skyline.
-
C.
Chengmei Bridge
Chengmei Bridge is a notable road bridge spanning the Keelung River in Taipei, Taiwan, serving as an important local transportation link.
-
D.
Dragon Bridge
Dragon Bridge is a prominent, dragon-shaped steel bridge in Da Nang, Vietnam, known for its striking LED lighting and fire- and water-breathing displays.
-
E.
Dragon Bridge
Dragon Bridge is a famous Art Nouveau road bridge in Ljubljana, Slovenia, renowned for its iconic dragon statues and status as one of the city’s best-known landmarks.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
historic site
ⓘ
stone arch bridge ⓘ tourist attraction ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Lugou Qiao
ⓘ
linked to:
Lugou Bridge
Marco Polo Bridge ⓘ |
| associatedWithConflict |
Second Sino-Japanese War
ⓘ
linked to:
Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945)
|
| associatedWithCountry |
Empire of Japan (historical)
ⓘ
linked to:
Imperial Japan
Republic of China (historical) ⓘ
linked to:
Republic of China
|
| builtDuring | Jin dynasty ⓘ |
| constructionEnd | 1192 ⓘ |
| constructionStart | 1189 ⓘ |
| coordinateLocation | approximately 39.852°N 116.220°E ⓘ |
| country | China ⓘ |
| crosses | Yongding River ⓘ |
| describedInWork | The Travels of Marco Polo ⓘ |
| famousFor |
beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War
ⓘ
site of the Marco Polo Bridge Incident ⓘ |
| hasApproximateNumberOfStoneLions | over 200 ⓘ |
| hasCulturalReferenceBy | Marco Polo ⓘ |
| hasInscriptionBy | Qianlong Emperor ⓘ |
| hasNearbyMuseum | Museum of the War of Chinese People's Resistance Against Japanese Aggression ⓘ |
| hasPart |
stone balustrades
ⓘ
stone lions ⓘ |
| hasRestoration |
20th century restoration
ⓘ
21st century conservation work ⓘ |
| hasStructureType | arch bridge ⓘ |
| hasTourismActivity |
historical education
ⓘ
sightseeing ⓘ |
| heritageDesignation |
Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level in China
ⓘ
National Key Cultural Relic Protection Unit ⓘ |
| inception | 12th century ⓘ |
| length | approximately 266.5 metres ⓘ |
| locatedIn | Beijing ⓘ |
| locatedInAdministrativeTerritorialEntity | Fengtai District ⓘ |
| locatedNear |
Lugouqiao town
ⓘ
Wanping Fortress ⓘ |
| locatedOn | Beijing–Shijiazhuang railway corridor vicinity ⓘ |
| materialUsed | stone ⓘ |
| notableFeature | large number of carved stone lions ⓘ |
| numberOfSpans | 11 ⓘ |
| openToTraffic |
light vehicles
ⓘ
pedestrians ⓘ |
| partOf | cultural heritage of Beijing ⓘ |
| rebuiltDuring |
Ming dynasty
ⓘ
Qing dynasty ⓘ |
| significantEvent |
Marco Polo Bridge Incident
ⓘ
outbreak of full-scale war between China and Japan in 1937 ⓘ |
| width | about 9.3 metres ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Lugou Bridge Description of subject: Lugou Bridge, also known as the Marco Polo Bridge, is a historic stone arch bridge in Beijing famous as the site where the Second Sino-Japanese War began in 1937.
Referenced by (14)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Lugou Bridge
linked to: Lugou Bridge
linked to: Lugou Bridge
linked to: Lugou Bridge
Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Beijing
→
includes
→
Marco Polo Bridge (Lugou Bridge)
ⓘ
linked to: Lugou Bridge
subject linked to:
East Gate
linked to: Lugou Bridge
subject linked to:
East Gate
linked to: Lugou Bridge