Muna–Buton languages

E30964

Austronesian languages subgroup language subgroup

The Muna–Buton languages are a subgroup of Austronesian languages spoken primarily in southeastern Sulawesi and nearby islands in Indonesia.

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All labels observed (12)

Label	Occurrences
Muna–Buton languages canonical	16
Muna-Buton languages	5
Kaili–Pamona languages	2
Kulisusu–Koroni languages	1
Muna language	1
Muna-Buton subgroup	1
Muna–Buton language	1
Muna–Buton languages subgroup	1
Muna–Buton subgroup	1
Muna–Butonic languages	1
Proto-Muna–Buton language	1
Uma–Bada languages	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T200684 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Muna–Buton languages
Context triple: [Austronesian languages, hasSubfamily, Muna–Buton languages]

A. Danao languages
The Danao languages are a subgroup of Austronesian languages spoken primarily in the southern Philippines, including languages such as Maranao, Maguindanaon, and Iranun.
B. Batanic languages
Batanic languages are a small subgroup of Austronesian languages spoken primarily in the Batanes Islands of the northern Philippines and parts of Taiwan, known for their unique phonological and lexical features.
C. Penutian languages
Penutian languages are a proposed family of Native American languages spoken primarily in the western United States, noted for their controversial genetic relationships and inclusion of several distinct regional language groups.
D. Meso-Melanesian languages
The Meso-Melanesian languages are a subgroup of Oceanic Austronesian languages spoken primarily in parts of Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands.
E. Ellicean languages
Ellicean languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian language family spoken primarily in parts of Polynesia, including Tuvalu and surrounding island regions.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Muna–Buton languages
Target entity description: The Muna–Buton languages are a subgroup of Austronesian languages spoken primarily in southeastern Sulawesi and nearby islands in Indonesia.

A. Danao languages
The Danao languages are a subgroup of Austronesian languages spoken primarily in the southern Philippines, including languages such as Maranao, Maguindanaon, and Iranun.
B. Batanic languages
Batanic languages are a small subgroup of Austronesian languages spoken primarily in the Batanes Islands of the northern Philippines and parts of Taiwan, known for their unique phonological and lexical features.
C. Penutian languages
Penutian languages are a proposed family of Native American languages spoken primarily in the western United States, noted for their controversial genetic relationships and inclusion of several distinct regional language groups.
D. Meso-Melanesian languages
The Meso-Melanesian languages are a subgroup of Oceanic Austronesian languages spoken primarily in parts of Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands.
E. Ellicean languages
Ellicean languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian language family spoken primarily in parts of Polynesia, including Tuvalu and surrounding island regions.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (43)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Austronesian languages subgroup ⓘ language subgroup ⓘ
arealRelation	geographically close to Bungku–Tolaki languages ⓘ geographically close to Tukang Besi language ⓘ
continent	Asia ⓘ
country	Indonesia ⓘ
ethnolinguisticContext	spoken by ethnic groups of Muna and Buton Islands ⓘ
family	Austronesian ⓘ linked to: Austronesian languages
glottologClassification	muna1247 ⓘ
hasAlternativeName	Muna-Buton subgroup ⓘ linked to: Muna–Buton languages Muna–Butonic languages ⓘ linked to: Muna–Buton languages
hasMember	Busoa language ⓘ Buton language group ⓘ Cia-Cia language ⓘ Kaimbulawa language ⓘ Kalao language ⓘ Kamaru language ⓘ Kioko language ⓘ Kumbewaha language ⓘ linked to: Kaimbulawa language Lakalai language ⓘ Lasalimu language ⓘ Liabuku language ⓘ Muna language ⓘ Pancana language ⓘ Wolio language ⓘ
linguisticStatus	some member languages are endangered ⓘ
locatedIn	Southeast Sulawesi ⓘ Sulawesi ⓘ linked to: Celebes
macroarea	Papunesia ⓘ
region	Sulawesi Tenggara Province ⓘ linked to: Southeast Sulawesi
researchField	Austronesian linguistics ⓘ
spokenIn	Buton Island ⓘ Muna Island ⓘ nearby islands in Indonesia ⓘ southeastern Sulawesi ⓘ
subclassOf	Austronesian languages ⓘ Celebic languages ⓘ Malayo-Polynesian languages ⓘ
subgroupOf	Celebic branch of Austronesian ⓘ
typologicalFeature	predominantly SVO word order ⓘ rich verbal morphology ⓘ use of affixation for voice and aspect ⓘ
writingSystem	Latin script ⓘ

How these facts were elicited