Archaeological Resources Protection Act

E29656

United States federal law cultural heritage protection law

The Archaeological Resources Protection Act is a U.S. federal law that safeguards archaeological sites and artifacts on public and Indian lands by regulating excavation and prohibiting unauthorized removal or damage.

Try in SPARQL Jump to: Surface forms Disambiguation Statements Elicitation Referenced by

AI illustration

All labels observed (3)

Label	Occurrences
Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979	6
Archaeological Resources Protection Act canonical	5
Archaeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA) of the United States	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T224029 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Archaeological Resources Protection Act
Context triple: [National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, relatedTo, Archaeological Resources Protection Act]

A. National Historic Preservation Act of 1966
The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 is a landmark U.S. federal law that established the framework for preserving historic buildings, districts, and archaeological sites nationwide, including the creation of the National Register of Historic Places and related preservation programs.
B. Historic Sites Act of 1935
The Historic Sites Act of 1935 is a U.S. federal law that established national policy for preserving historic sites and laid the foundation for the modern National Historic Landmarks and National Historic Preservation programs.
C. National Historic Preservation Act Amendments of 1980
The National Historic Preservation Act Amendments of 1980 are U.S. federal legislative changes that refined and expanded the nation’s historic preservation program, including the roles of federal, state, and local entities in protecting cultural and historic resources.
D. National Historic Preservation Act Amendments of 1992
The National Historic Preservation Act Amendments of 1992 are U.S. federal legislative updates that strengthened and expanded the nation’s historic preservation program, including greater roles for Native American tribes and enhanced protection for cultural resources.
E. National Park Service Organic Act
The National Park Service Organic Act is the 1916 U.S. federal law that created the National Park Service and established its mission to conserve park resources while providing for their public enjoyment.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Archaeological Resources Protection Act
Target entity description: The Archaeological Resources Protection Act is a U.S. federal law that safeguards archaeological sites and artifacts on public and Indian lands by regulating excavation and prohibiting unauthorized removal or damage.

A. National Historic Preservation Act of 1966
The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 is a landmark U.S. federal law that established the framework for preserving historic buildings, districts, and archaeological sites nationwide, including the creation of the National Register of Historic Places and related preservation programs.
B. Historic Sites Act of 1935
The Historic Sites Act of 1935 is a U.S. federal law that established national policy for preserving historic sites and laid the foundation for the modern National Historic Landmarks and National Historic Preservation programs.
C. National Historic Preservation Act Amendments of 1980
The National Historic Preservation Act Amendments of 1980 are U.S. federal legislative changes that refined and expanded the nation’s historic preservation program, including the roles of federal, state, and local entities in protecting cultural and historic resources.
D. National Historic Preservation Act Amendments of 1992
The National Historic Preservation Act Amendments of 1992 are U.S. federal legislative updates that strengthened and expanded the nation’s historic preservation program, including greater roles for Native American tribes and enhanced protection for cultural resources.
E. National Park Service Organic Act
The National Park Service Organic Act is the 1916 U.S. federal law that created the National Park Service and established its mission to conserve park resources while providing for their public enjoyment.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (48)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	United States federal law ⓘ cultural heritage protection law ⓘ
administeredBy	Bureau of Land Management ⓘ linked to: U.S. Bureau of Land Management National Park Service ⓘ U.S. Department of the Interior ⓘ linked to: United States Department of the Interior U.S. Forest Service ⓘ other federal land-managing agencies ⓘ
amendedBy	1988 amendments to the Archaeological Resources Protection Act ⓘ
appliesTo	Indian lands in the United States ⓘ public lands of the United States ⓘ
authorizes	confiscation and forfeiture of equipment used in violations ⓘ confiscation and forfeiture of illegally obtained archaeological resources ⓘ
codifiedIn	Title 16 of the United States Code ⓘ
country	United States ⓘ linked to: United States of America
dateSigned	1979-10-31 ⓘ
defines	archaeological resource as material remains of past human life or activities of archaeological interest at least 100 years old ⓘ
effectiveDate	1979-10-31 ⓘ
enactedBy	United States Congress ⓘ
encourages	cooperation with private individuals, Indian tribes, and institutions for archaeological resource protection ⓘ
focusesOn	protection of subsurface archaeological materials rather than above-ground historic structures ⓘ
fullName	Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979 ⓘ linked to: Archaeological Resources Protection Act
legislativeIntent	to strengthen penalties and clarify protections beyond those provided by the Antiquities Act of 1906 ⓘ
penaltiesInclude	civil penalties for violations ⓘ criminal penalties for knowing violations ⓘ fines based on archaeological or commercial value and cost of restoration and repair ⓘ imprisonment for serious violations ⓘ
prohibits	damage to archaeological resources on Indian lands ⓘ damage to archaeological resources on public lands ⓘ sale, purchase, exchange, transport, or receipt of archaeological resources obtained in violation of the Act ⓘ unauthorized excavation of archaeological resources ⓘ unauthorized removal of archaeological resources ⓘ
publicLawNumber	Public Law 96-95 ⓘ
purpose	to protect archaeological resources on public lands and Indian lands ⓘ to secure, for the present and future benefit of the American people, the protection of archaeological resources and sites ⓘ
regulates	excavation of archaeological resources on Indian lands ⓘ excavation of archaeological resources on public lands ⓘ
relatedTo	Antiquities Act of 1906 ⓘ National Historic Preservation Act ⓘ linked to: National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act ⓘ
replaced	Antiquities Act of 1906 (in part, for archaeological resource protection and penalties) ⓘ linked to: Antiquities Act of 1906
requires	confidentiality of specific archaeological site location information ⓘ permits for excavation and removal of archaeological resources on Indian lands ⓘ permits for excavation and removal of archaeological resources on public lands ⓘ
scope	applies to archaeological resources more than 100 years old ⓘ
shortName	ARPA ⓘ
signedBy	Jimmy Carter ⓘ
statutesAtLargeCitation	93 Stat. 721 ⓘ
uscSections	16 U.S.C. §§ 470aa–470mm ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (12)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 → relatedTo → Archaeological Resources Protection Act ⓘ

NHPA → relatedTo → Archaeological Resources Protection Act ⓘ

Public Law 89-665 → relatedTo → Archaeological Resources Protection Act ⓘ

National Historic Preservation Act Amendments of 1980 → relatedTo → Archaeological Resources Protection Act ⓘ

Archaeological Resources Protection Act → fullName → Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979 ⓘ