Lotus 1-2-3
E29574
Lotus 1-2-3 is a pioneering spreadsheet software program for personal computers that became a dominant business application in the 1980s.
All labels observed (6)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Lotus 1-2-3 canonical | 29 |
| Lotus 1-2-3 Release 2 | 1 |
| Lotus 1-2-3 Release 3 | 1 |
| Lotus 1-2-3 for Windows | 1 |
| Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet application | 1 |
| Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet software | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T230474 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lotus 1-2-3 Context triple: [Mitchell Kapor, coCreated, Lotus 1-2-3]
-
A.
Lotus Notes
Lotus Notes is a collaborative client-server software platform best known for its email, calendaring, and business application capabilities, widely used in enterprises for groupware and workflow solutions.
-
B.
Tableau
Tableau is a widely used data visualization and business intelligence software platform that enables users to analyze, explore, and present data through interactive dashboards and reports.
-
C.
IBM PC
The IBM PC is the original 1981 personal computer model from IBM that became a de facto industry standard and helped popularize home and business computing worldwide.
-
D.
Micros Systems
Micros Systems was a leading provider of point-of-sale and hospitality management software and hardware solutions for restaurants, hotels, and retail businesses.
-
E.
Excel
Excel is a widely used spreadsheet software by Microsoft that enables data organization, analysis, visualization, and basic to advanced analytics through formulas, functions, and tools like PivotTables.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lotus 1-2-3 Target entity description: Lotus 1-2-3 is a pioneering spreadsheet software program for personal computers that became a dominant business application in the 1980s.
-
A.
Lotus Notes
Lotus Notes is a collaborative client-server software platform best known for its email, calendaring, and business application capabilities, widely used in enterprises for groupware and workflow solutions.
-
B.
Tableau
Tableau is a widely used data visualization and business intelligence software platform that enables users to analyze, explore, and present data through interactive dashboards and reports.
-
C.
IBM PC
The IBM PC is the original 1981 personal computer model from IBM that became a de facto industry standard and helped popularize home and business computing worldwide.
-
D.
Micros Systems
Micros Systems was a leading provider of point-of-sale and hospitality management software and hardware solutions for restaurants, hotels, and retail businesses.
-
E.
Excel
Excel is a widely used spreadsheet software by Microsoft that enables data organization, analysis, visualization, and basic to advanced analytics through formulas, functions, and tools like PivotTables.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (53)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
business software
ⓘ
software application ⓘ spreadsheet software ⓘ |
| acquisitionDateOfDeveloper | 1995-06-05 ⓘ |
| coFounderOfDeveloper |
Mitch Kapor
ⓘ
linked to:
Mitchell Kapor
|
| countryOfOrigin |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| developer | Lotus Development Corporation ⓘ |
| developerAcquiredBy | IBM ⓘ |
| discontinuationDate | 2013-01-31 ⓘ |
| discontinued | true ⓘ |
| distributionModel | boxed retail software ⓘ |
| fileExtension |
.wk1
ⓘ
.wk3 ⓘ .wk4 ⓘ |
| genre | spreadsheet ⓘ |
| influenced |
Lotus Symphony
ⓘ
Microsoft Excel ⓘ
linked to:
Excel
Quattro Pro ⓘ |
| initialReleaseDate | 1983-01-26 ⓘ |
| license | proprietary software license ⓘ |
| notableFeature |
graphing capabilities
ⓘ
integrated charting ⓘ integrated database capabilities ⓘ macro language support ⓘ menu-driven user interface ⓘ slash command interface ⓘ what-if analysis ⓘ |
| notableFor |
being a killer application for the IBM PC
ⓘ
dominating the spreadsheet market in the 1980s ⓘ |
| notableVersion |
Lotus 1-2-3 Release 2
ⓘ
linked to:
Lotus 1-2-3
Lotus 1-2-3 Release 3 ⓘ
linked to:
Lotus 1-2-3
Lotus 1-2-3 for Windows ⓘ
linked to:
Lotus 1-2-3
|
| operatingSystem |
MS-DOS
ⓘ
Macintosh System Software ⓘ
linked to:
Classic Mac OS
Microsoft Windows ⓘ
linked to:
Windows
OS/2 ⓘ PC DOS ⓘ
linked to:
MS-DOS
|
| originalAuthor | Jonathan Sachs ⓘ |
| partOf | Lotus SmartSuite ⓘ |
| platform |
IBM PC
ⓘ
IBM PC compatible ⓘ |
| predecessor | VisiCalc ⓘ |
| successor | Lotus SmartSuite ⓘ |
| supportsFeature |
add-in modules
ⓘ
cell formulas ⓘ printing and page formatting ⓘ relative and absolute cell references ⓘ |
| targetAudience |
accountants
ⓘ
business users ⓘ financial analysts ⓘ |
| userInterface |
graphical user interface (later versions)
ⓘ
text-based interface ⓘ |
| writtenInLanguage | x86 assembly language ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Lotus 1-2-3 Description of subject: Lotus 1-2-3 is a pioneering spreadsheet software program for personal computers that became a dominant business application in the 1980s.
Referenced by (34)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject linked to:
Mitchell
linked to: Lotus 1-2-3
linked to: Lotus 1-2-3
linked to: Lotus 1-2-3
subject linked to:
Kapor
subject linked to:
Kapor
subject linked to:
Jonathan Sachs
subject linked to:
LOTS
subject linked to:
LOTS
linked to: Lotus 1-2-3
subject linked to:
LOTS
subject linked to:
LOTS
subject linked to:
LOTS
subject linked to:
Jim Manzi
linked to: Lotus 1-2-3
subject linked to:
Hercules Graphics Card (third-party)