Avataṃsaka Sutra (Flower Ornament Sutra)

E289750

Buddhist scripture Mahayana Buddhist sutra canonical text in East Asian Buddhism

The Avataṃsaka Sutra (Flower Ornament Sutra) is a monumental Mahayana Buddhist scripture renowned for its vast, visionary depiction of the cosmos and the interpenetration of all phenomena, especially influential in East Asian Buddhism.

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All labels observed (8)

Label	Occurrences
Avataṃsaka Sūtra	10
Flower Garland Sutra	3
Avataṃsaka Sutra (Flower Ornament Sutra) canonical	1
Avataṃsaka Sūtra (Flower Garland Sūtra)	1
Flower Adornment Sutra	1
Flower Garland Sūtra	1
Flower Ornament Sutra	1
Flower Sutra	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2624309 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Avataṃsaka Sutra (Flower Ornament Sutra)
Context triple: [Mahayana sutras, includesText, Avataṃsaka Sutra (Flower Ornament Sutra)]

A. Tathāgatagarbha sutras
The Tathāgatagarbha sutras are a group of Mahayana Buddhist scriptures that teach all beings possess an innate Buddha-nature, emphasizing the inherent potential for enlightenment.
B. Diamond Sutra
The Diamond Sutra is a key Mahayana Buddhist scripture renowned for its profound teaching on emptiness and the illusory nature of phenomena, and is also one of the oldest known printed books in the world.
C. Heart Sutra
The Heart Sutra is a brief but foundational Mahayana Buddhist scripture that distills the doctrine of emptiness and is widely chanted and studied across East Asian and Tibetan Buddhist traditions.
D. Pure Land sutras
The Pure Land sutras are a group of influential Mahayana Buddhist scriptures that describe the vows of Amitābha Buddha and the path to rebirth in his blissful Pure Land through faith and devotional practice.
E. Mahayana sutras
The Mahayana sutras are a broad collection of later Buddhist scriptures that present the philosophical foundations, cosmology, and bodhisattva-centered ideals of Mahayana Buddhism.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Avataṃsaka Sutra (Flower Ornament Sutra)
Target entity description: The Avataṃsaka Sutra (Flower Ornament Sutra) is a monumental Mahayana Buddhist scripture renowned for its vast, visionary depiction of the cosmos and the interpenetration of all phenomena, especially influential in East Asian Buddhism.

A. Tathāgatagarbha sutras
The Tathāgatagarbha sutras are a group of Mahayana Buddhist scriptures that teach all beings possess an innate Buddha-nature, emphasizing the inherent potential for enlightenment.
B. Diamond Sutra
The Diamond Sutra is a key Mahayana Buddhist scripture renowned for its profound teaching on emptiness and the illusory nature of phenomena, and is also one of the oldest known printed books in the world.
C. Heart Sutra
The Heart Sutra is a brief but foundational Mahayana Buddhist scripture that distills the doctrine of emptiness and is widely chanted and studied across East Asian and Tibetan Buddhist traditions.
D. Pure Land sutras
The Pure Land sutras are a group of influential Mahayana Buddhist scriptures that describe the vows of Amitābha Buddha and the path to rebirth in his blissful Pure Land through faith and devotional practice.
E. Mahayana sutras
The Mahayana sutras are a broad collection of later Buddhist scriptures that present the philosophical foundations, cosmology, and bodhisattva-centered ideals of Mahayana Buddhism.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (61)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Buddhist scripture ⓘ Mahayana Buddhist sutra ⓘ canonical text in East Asian Buddhism ⓘ
associatedBuddha	Vairocana Buddha ⓘ linked to: Mahavairocana Śākyamuni Buddha ⓘ linked to: Shakyamuni Buddha
associatedSchool	Huayan school ⓘ linked to: Huayan / Kegon Hwaeom school ⓘ linked to: Korean Hwaeom school Kegon school ⓘ
associatedTradition	Chinese Buddhism ⓘ Japanese Buddhism ⓘ Korean Buddhism ⓘ Tibetan Buddhism ⓘ
centralDoctrine	Buddha’s omniscient wisdom ⓘ cosmic Buddhahood of Vairocana ⓘ linked to: Mahavairocana interpenetration of all phenomena ⓘ mutual containment of all dharmas ⓘ non-obstruction between phenomena and phenomena ⓘ non-obstruction between principle and phenomena ⓘ
containsSection	Chapter on the Manifestation of the Tathāgata ⓘ Gaṇḍavyūha Sutra ⓘ linked to: Avatamsaka Sutra Samantabhadra’s Practices and Vows ⓘ Ten Stages chapter (Daśabhūmika) ⓘ
featuresBodhisattva	Avalokiteśvara ⓘ Mañjuśrī ⓘ linked to: Manjushri Samantabhadra ⓘ
featuresCharacter	Sudhana ⓘ
geographicInfluence	China ⓘ Japan ⓘ Korea ⓘ Tibet ⓘ linked to: Tibet Autonomous Region Vietnam ⓘ linked to: Viet Nam
hasAlternativeName	Da Fangguang Fo Huayan Jing ⓘ Flower Adornment Sutra ⓘ linked to: Avataṃsaka Sutra (Flower Ornament Sutra) Flower Ornament Sutra ⓘ linked to: Avataṃsaka Sutra (Flower Ornament Sutra) Huayan Jing ⓘ linked to: Huayan jing Hwaeomgyeong ⓘ Kegonkyō ⓘ linked to: Kegon school
hasLanguage	Classical Chinese ⓘ English (translation) ⓘ Japanese (translation) ⓘ Korean (translation) ⓘ Sanskrit (partially preserved) ⓘ Tibetan (translation) ⓘ
historicalPeriod	compiled between 1st and 4th centuries CE (approximate) ⓘ
influenced	Chan Buddhism ⓘ Pure Land thought in East Asia ⓘ Tiantai school ⓘ Zen Buddhism ⓘ linked to: Zen
keyTheme	bodhisattva path and stages ⓘ cosmic vision of the Buddha’s realm ⓘ infinite worlds in a single atom ⓘ ornamentation of the Buddha’s wisdom ⓘ universal interdependence ⓘ
majorChineseTranslator	Buddhabhadra ⓘ Prajñā ⓘ linked to: Bodhi Śikṣānanda ⓘ
regardedAs	one of the longest Mahayana sutras ⓘ scriptural foundation of the Huayan school ⓘ visionary depiction of the Buddhist cosmos ⓘ
scripturalCollection	part of the Chinese Buddhist canon ⓘ part of the Tibetan Kangyur (in translated form) ⓘ

How these facts were elicited