Section 4 of the Voting Rights Act
E285979
Section 4 of the Voting Rights Act was the provision that established the coverage formula determining which jurisdictions were subject to federal preclearance requirements for changes to their voting laws.
All labels observed (4)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2618449 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Section 4 of the Voting Rights Act Context triple: [VRA, containsProvision, Section 4 of the Voting Rights Act]
-
A.
Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act
Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act is a key federal provision that prohibits voting practices or procedures that discriminate on the basis of race, color, or membership in certain language minority groups.
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B.
Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1982
The Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1982 were U.S. federal legislative changes that strengthened and extended protections against racial discrimination in voting, including by renewing key provisions and clarifying standards for proving discriminatory effects.
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C.
Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1975
The Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1975 were U.S. federal legislative changes that expanded and strengthened voting rights protections, notably by extending coverage to language minorities and renewing key provisions of the original Voting Rights Act.
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D.
Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1970
The Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1970 were U.S. federal legislative changes that expanded and strengthened protections against racial discrimination in voting, including temporarily lowering the voting age to 18 in federal elections and extending key enforcement provisions of the original Voting Rights Act.
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E.
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark U.S. federal law that outlawed discriminatory voting practices and enforced African Americans’ right to vote, especially in the South.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Section 4 of the Voting Rights Act Target entity description: Section 4 of the Voting Rights Act was the provision that established the coverage formula determining which jurisdictions were subject to federal preclearance requirements for changes to their voting laws.
-
A.
Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act
Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act is a key federal provision that prohibits voting practices or procedures that discriminate on the basis of race, color, or membership in certain language minority groups.
-
B.
Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1982
The Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1982 were U.S. federal legislative changes that strengthened and extended protections against racial discrimination in voting, including by renewing key provisions and clarifying standards for proving discriminatory effects.
-
C.
Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1975
The Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1975 were U.S. federal legislative changes that expanded and strengthened voting rights protections, notably by extending coverage to language minorities and renewing key provisions of the original Voting Rights Act.
-
D.
Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1970
The Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1970 were U.S. federal legislative changes that expanded and strengthened protections against racial discrimination in voting, including temporarily lowering the voting age to 18 in federal elections and extending key enforcement provisions of the original Voting Rights Act.
-
E.
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark U.S. federal law that outlawed discriminatory voting practices and enforced African Americans’ right to vote, especially in the South.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf | section of a United States federal statute ⓘ |
| amendedIn |
1970
ⓘ
1975 ⓘ 1982 ⓘ 2006 ⓘ |
| appliedTo |
Alabama
ⓘ
Alaska ⓘ Arizona ⓘ Georgia ⓘ Louisiana ⓘ Mississippi ⓘ South Carolina ⓘ Texas ⓘ Virginia ⓘ certain counties and townships in other states ⓘ |
| appliesToJurisdictions | certain states and political subdivisions with histories of voting discrimination ⓘ |
| basedOn |
historical patterns of racial discrimination in voting
ⓘ
use of tests or devices restricting voting ⓘ voter registration data ⓘ voter turnout data ⓘ |
| constitutionalBasis |
Enforcement Clause of the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
ⓘ
linked to:
Fifteenth Amendment Enforcement Clause
|
| containsProvision |
bail-in mechanism through court findings
ⓘ
bailout mechanism for jurisdictions ⓘ coverage formula based on 1964 presidential election data ⓘ suspension of literacy tests in covered jurisdictions ⓘ |
| country |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| coverageFormulaCriteria |
later extensions using 1968 and 1972 election data
ⓘ
use of a test or device as of November 1, 1964 ⓘ voter registration or turnout below 50 percent in the 1964 presidential election ⓘ |
| coverageFormulaInvalidatedIn |
Shelby County v. Holder (2013)
ⓘ
linked to:
Shelby County v. Holder
|
| dateSignedIntoLaw | 1965-08-06 ⓘ |
| effectOfShelbyCountyDecision |
coverage formula rendered inoperative
ⓘ
preclearance regime under Section 5 largely suspended ⓘ |
| enactedBy | 89th United States Congress ⓘ |
| enactedIn | 1965 ⓘ |
| enforcedBy | United States Attorney General ⓘ |
| established | coverage formula for federal preclearance ⓘ |
| function | to determine which jurisdictions were subject to preclearance ⓘ |
| heldConstitutionalIn |
South Carolina v. Katzenbach (1966)
ⓘ
linked to:
South Carolina v. Katzenbach
|
| interpretedBy | United States Department of Justice ⓘ |
| legalCitation | 52 U.S.C. § 10303 ⓘ |
| linkedTo | Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act ⓘ |
| partOf | Voting Rights Act of 1965 ⓘ |
| previousLegalCitation | 42 U.S.C. § 1973b ⓘ |
| purpose | to prevent racial discrimination in voting through targeted federal oversight ⓘ |
| relatedCase |
Shelby County v. Holder
ⓘ
South Carolina v. Katzenbach ⓘ |
| requiresPreclearanceUnder | Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act ⓘ |
| shortTitleContext | Voting Rights Act of 1965 ⓘ |
| signedIntoLawBy | Lyndon B. Johnson ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Section 4 of the Voting Rights Act Description of subject: Section 4 of the Voting Rights Act was the provision that established the coverage formula determining which jurisdictions were subject to federal preclearance requirements for changes to their voting laws.
Referenced by (7)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Section 4 of the Voting Rights Act
Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1982
→
extendsProvision
→
Section 4 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965
ⓘ
linked to: Section 4 of the Voting Rights Act
linked to: Section 4 of the Voting Rights Act
Section 4(e) of the Voting Rights Act of 1965
→
distinctFrom
→
Section 4(b) of the Voting Rights Act of 1965
ⓘ
linked to: Section 4 of the Voting Rights Act