Miller v. Alabama
E267316
Miller v. Alabama is a 2012 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held mandatory life-without-parole sentences for juvenile offenders unconstitutional under the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition on cruel and unusual punishments.
All labels observed (3)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2435111 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Miller v. Alabama Context triple: [Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution, centralIssueInCase, Miller v. Alabama]
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A.
Graham v. Florida
Graham v. Florida is a landmark 2010 U.S. Supreme Court decision holding that sentencing juveniles to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole for non-homicide offenses violates the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition on cruel and unusual punishments.
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B.
Strickland v. Washington
Strickland v. Washington is a landmark 1984 U.S. Supreme Court case that established the two-pronged test for determining when a criminal defendant’s right to effective assistance of counsel has been violated.
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C.
Furman v. Georgia
Furman v. Georgia is a landmark 1972 U.S. Supreme Court case that temporarily halted capital punishment nationwide by ruling existing death penalty schemes unconstitutional under the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments.
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D.
Roper v. Simmons
Roper v. Simmons is a landmark 2005 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held it unconstitutional to impose the death penalty for crimes committed by individuals under the age of 18.
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E.
Glossip v. Gross
Glossip v. Gross is a 2015 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the use of a particular lethal injection drug protocol in executions against Eighth Amendment challenges.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Miller v. Alabama Target entity description: Miller v. Alabama is a 2012 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held mandatory life-without-parole sentences for juvenile offenders unconstitutional under the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition on cruel and unusual punishments.
-
A.
Graham v. Florida
Graham v. Florida is a landmark 2010 U.S. Supreme Court decision holding that sentencing juveniles to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole for non-homicide offenses violates the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition on cruel and unusual punishments.
-
B.
Strickland v. Washington
Strickland v. Washington is a landmark 1984 U.S. Supreme Court case that established the two-pronged test for determining when a criminal defendant’s right to effective assistance of counsel has been violated.
-
C.
Furman v. Georgia
Furman v. Georgia is a landmark 1972 U.S. Supreme Court case that temporarily halted capital punishment nationwide by ruling existing death penalty schemes unconstitutional under the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments.
-
D.
Roper v. Simmons
Roper v. Simmons is a landmark 2005 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held it unconstitutional to impose the death penalty for crimes committed by individuals under the age of 18.
-
E.
Glossip v. Gross
Glossip v. Gross is a 2015 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the use of a particular lethal injection drug protocol in executions against Eighth Amendment challenges.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (52)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Eighth Amendment case
ⓘ
United States Supreme Court case ⓘ criminal law case ⓘ juvenile justice case ⓘ |
| ageCategory | juvenile offenders under 18 ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
federal criminal sentencing schemes
ⓘ
state criminal sentencing schemes ⓘ |
| areaOfLaw |
constitutional law
ⓘ
criminal sentencing ⓘ juvenile justice ⓘ |
| citation | 567 U.S. 460 ⓘ |
| citationStyle |
Miller v. Alabama, 567 U.S. 460 (2012)
ⓘ
linked to:
Miller v. Alabama
|
| constitutionalProvision | Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ |
| constitutionalRightProtected | freedom from cruel and unusual punishments ⓘ |
| country | United States of America ⓘ |
| court | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| decisionDate | 2012-06-25 ⓘ |
| decisionType | landmark decision ⓘ |
| dissentingJustices |
Antonin Scalia
ⓘ
Clarence Thomas ⓘ John G. Roberts Jr. ⓘ Samuel A. Alito Jr. ⓘ |
| docketNumber | 10-9646 ⓘ |
| fullName |
Miller v. Alabama, 567 U.S. 460 (2012)
ⓘ
linked to:
Miller v. Alabama
|
| holding |
Mandatory life-without-parole schemes for juveniles are unconstitutional
ⓘ
Mandatory life-without-parole sentences for juvenile offenders violate the Eighth Amendment ⓘ Sentencers must have discretion to consider mitigating circumstances before imposing life without parole on juveniles ⓘ |
| impact | invalidated mandatory juvenile life-without-parole statutes in multiple states ⓘ |
| jurisdiction |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| legalIssue | constitutionality of mandatory life without parole for juvenile offenders ⓘ |
| legalPrinciple | children are constitutionally different from adults for sentencing purposes ⓘ |
| majorityJustices |
Anthony Kennedy
ⓘ
linked to:
Anthony M. Kennedy
Elena Kagan ⓘ Ruth Bader Ginsburg ⓘ Sonia Sotomayor ⓘ Stephen Breyer ⓘ
linked to:
Stephen G. Breyer
|
| majorityOpinionBy | Elena Kagan ⓘ |
| overruledOrLimited | limited the use of life without parole for juveniles ⓘ |
| petitioner | Evan Miller ⓘ |
| precedentOf | Montgomery v. Louisiana ⓘ |
| relatedCase |
Graham v. Florida
ⓘ
Montgomery v. Louisiana ⓘ Roper v. Simmons ⓘ |
| relatedDoctrine |
cruel and unusual punishments
ⓘ
proportionality in sentencing ⓘ |
| requires | individualized sentencing for juveniles facing life without parole ⓘ |
| respondent |
State of Alabama
ⓘ
linked to:
Alabama
|
| ruleAnnounced | Mandatory life-without-parole sentences for offenders under 18 at the time of their crimes are unconstitutional ⓘ |
| sentencingSchemeAddressed | mandatory life without parole ⓘ |
| subjectMatter | juvenile homicide offenders ⓘ |
| voteSplit | 5-4 ⓘ |
| yearDecided | 2012 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Miller v. Alabama Description of subject: Miller v. Alabama is a 2012 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held mandatory life-without-parole sentences for juvenile offenders unconstitutional under the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition on cruel and unusual punishments.
Referenced by (10)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Miller v. Alabama
linked to: Miller v. Alabama
Montgomery v. Louisiana
→
holding
→
Miller v. Alabama announced a substantive rule of constitutional law that is retroactive on state collateral review.
ⓘ
linked to: Miller v. Alabama