Moon Agreement (limited signatories)

E26341

United Nations treaty international treaty space law treaty

The Moon Agreement is a 1979 United Nations treaty that seeks to regulate the exploration and use of the Moon and other celestial bodies as the common heritage of humankind, but has been ratified by only a small number of countries.

Try in SPARQL Jump to: Surface forms Disambiguation Statements Elicitation Referenced by

AI illustration

All labels observed (4)

Label	Occurrences
Moon Agreement	6
Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies	4
Moon Agreement (limited signatories) canonical	1
Moon Treaty	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T206483 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Moon Agreement (limited signatories)
Context triple: [Moon, governingTreaty, Moon Agreement (limited signatories)]

A. Headquarters Agreement between the United Nations and the United States
The Headquarters Agreement between the United Nations and the United States is the treaty that establishes the legal status, privileges, and obligations governing the UN’s presence and operations at its main headquarters in New York City.
B. Canberra Agreement
The Canberra Agreement is the 1947 treaty that established the Pacific Community, a regional organization for cooperation and development among Pacific Island countries and territories.
C. Covenant of the League of Nations
The Covenant of the League of Nations was the foundational international treaty that established the League’s structure, principles, and mechanisms for collective security and peaceful dispute resolution after World War I.
D. Madrid Protocol
The Madrid Protocol is an international treaty that streamlines the process for obtaining and managing trademark protection in multiple countries through a single application.
E. Helsinki Accords
The Helsinki Accords were a 1975 diplomatic agreement between Western and Eastern bloc countries that aimed to improve relations, recognize post–World War II European borders, and promote human rights during the Cold War.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Moon Agreement (limited signatories)
Target entity description: The Moon Agreement is a 1979 United Nations treaty that seeks to regulate the exploration and use of the Moon and other celestial bodies as the common heritage of humankind, but has been ratified by only a small number of countries.

A. Headquarters Agreement between the United Nations and the United States
The Headquarters Agreement between the United Nations and the United States is the treaty that establishes the legal status, privileges, and obligations governing the UN’s presence and operations at its main headquarters in New York City.
B. Canberra Agreement
The Canberra Agreement is the 1947 treaty that established the Pacific Community, a regional organization for cooperation and development among Pacific Island countries and territories.
C. Covenant of the League of Nations
The Covenant of the League of Nations was the foundational international treaty that established the League’s structure, principles, and mechanisms for collective security and peaceful dispute resolution after World War I.
D. Madrid Protocol
The Madrid Protocol is an international treaty that streamlines the process for obtaining and managing trademark protection in multiple countries through a single application.
E. Helsinki Accords
The Helsinki Accords were a 1975 diplomatic agreement between Western and Eastern bloc countries that aimed to improve relations, recognize post–World War II European borders, and promote human rights during the Cold War.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (50)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	United Nations treaty ⓘ international treaty ⓘ space law treaty ⓘ
adoptedBy	United Nations General Assembly ⓘ
adoptionDate	1979-12-05 ⓘ
aimsTo	ensure that exploration and use of the Moon benefits all countries ⓘ prevent militarization of the Moon beyond permitted peaceful uses ⓘ
appliesTo	Moon ⓘ other celestial bodies within the solar system ⓘ
articleFocus	Article 11 on natural resources of the Moon ⓘ
buildsOn	Outer Space Treaty ⓘ
category	United Nations General Assembly treaties ⓘ space treaties ⓘ treaties concluded in 1979 ⓘ treaties entered into force in 1984 ⓘ
criticizedFor	perceived restrictions on commercial exploitation of lunar resources ⓘ
depositary	Secretary-General of the United Nations ⓘ
enteredIntoForceDate	1984-07-11 ⓘ
excludes	celestial bodies in the solar system other than the Earth from national sovereignty claims ⓘ
governs	activities of States on the Moon ⓘ activities of international intergovernmental organizations on the Moon ⓘ
hasLimitedParticipation	true ⓘ
language	Arabic ⓘ Chinese ⓘ English ⓘ French ⓘ Russian ⓘ Spanish ⓘ
legalStatusOfMoon	common heritage of mankind ⓘ
notRatifiedBy	China ⓘ Russian Federation ⓘ linked to: Russia United States ⓘ linked to: United States of America major spacefaring nations ⓘ
numberOfStatesParties	small compared to other UN space treaties ⓘ
officialName	Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies ⓘ linked to: Moon Agreement (limited signatories)
openedForSignatureDate	1979-12-18 ⓘ
partOf	corpus of international space law ⓘ
placeSigned	New York City ⓘ
prohibits	national appropriation of other celestial bodies ⓘ national appropriation of the Moon ⓘ
providesFor	equitable sharing of benefits from lunar resources ⓘ possible establishment of an international regime to govern exploitation of natural resources of the Moon ⓘ
requires	States Parties to inform the UN Secretary-General and the public of their lunar activities ⓘ international cooperation in lunar exploration ⓘ protection of the lunar environment ⓘ use of the Moon for peaceful purposes only ⓘ
shortName	Moon Treaty ⓘ linked to: Moon Agreement (limited signatories)
subjectMatter	regulation of activities on other celestial bodies ⓘ regulation of activities on the Moon ⓘ
UNResolutionNumber	United Nations General Assembly resolution 34/68 ⓘ

How these facts were elicited