thalidomide
E241389
Thalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug historically known for causing severe birth defects, now used under strict controls to treat conditions such as multiple myeloma and complications of leprosy.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| thalidomide canonical | 2 |
| S-thalidomide | 1 |
| Thalidomide | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2190713 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: thalidomide Context triple: [Darzalex, usedInCombinationWith, thalidomide]
-
A.
Pregny-Chambésy
Pregny-Chambésy is a small, affluent municipality on the shores of Lake Geneva in the canton of Geneva, Switzerland, known for hosting several international organizations and diplomatic missions.
-
B.
Sarine
The Sarine is a major river in western Switzerland that flows through the canton of Fribourg and ultimately joins the Aare.
-
C.
Balemartine
Balemartine is a small coastal village located on the island of Tiree in Scotland’s Inner Hebrides.
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D.
Alimta
Alimta is a chemotherapy drug (pemetrexed) primarily used to treat malignant pleural mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer.
-
E.
Rituxan
Rituxan is a monoclonal antibody drug (rituximab) widely used to treat certain blood cancers and autoimmune diseases by targeting the CD20 protein on B cells.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: thalidomide Target entity description: Thalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug historically known for causing severe birth defects, now used under strict controls to treat conditions such as multiple myeloma and complications of leprosy.
-
A.
Pregny-Chambésy
Pregny-Chambésy is a small, affluent municipality on the shores of Lake Geneva in the canton of Geneva, Switzerland, known for hosting several international organizations and diplomatic missions.
-
B.
Sarine
The Sarine is a major river in western Switzerland that flows through the canton of Fribourg and ultimately joins the Aare.
-
C.
Balemartine
Balemartine is a small coastal village located on the island of Tiree in Scotland’s Inner Hebrides.
-
D.
Alimta
Alimta is a chemotherapy drug (pemetrexed) primarily used to treat malignant pleural mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer.
-
E.
Rituxan
Rituxan is a monoclonal antibody drug (rituximab) widely used to treat certain blood cancers and autoimmune diseases by targeting the CD20 protein on B cells.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
immunomodulatory drug
ⓘ
pharmaceutical drug ⓘ sedative-hypnotic ⓘ small molecule ⓘ teratogen ⓘ |
| bindsTo | cereblon protein ⓘ |
| chemicalFormula | C13H10N2O4 ⓘ |
| contraindicatedIn | pregnancy ⓘ |
| countryOfFirstMarketing | West Germany ⓘ |
| developedBy | Chemie Grünenthal ⓘ |
| eliminationHalfLife | approximately 5–7 hours ⓘ |
| firstMarketedInYear | 1957 ⓘ |
| hasATCCode | L04AX02 ⓘ |
| hasCASNumber | 50-35-1 ⓘ |
| hasChiralCenters | 1 ⓘ |
| hasIUPACName | 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione ⓘ |
| hasMolarMass | 258.23 g/mol ⓘ |
| hasStereoisomers |
R-thalidomide
ⓘ
S-thalidomide ⓘ
linked to:
thalidomide
|
| historicallyCaused |
global drug safety reforms
ⓘ
phocomelia epidemic ⓘ |
| isComponentOfDrugClass | immunomodulatory imide drugs (IMiDs) ⓘ |
| isUsedToTreat |
certain refractory cancers
ⓘ
complications of leprosy ⓘ erythema nodosum leprosum ⓘ graft-versus-host disease (off-label) ⓘ multiple myeloma ⓘ |
| ledToRegulatoryChange |
implementation of stricter drug approval processes
ⓘ
strengthening of teratogenicity testing requirements ⓘ |
| legalStatusInEuropeanUnion | prescription-only with special controls ⓘ |
| legalStatusInUnitedStates | prescription-only with restricted distribution ⓘ |
| majorAdverseEffect |
constipation
ⓘ
peripheral neuropathy ⓘ sedation ⓘ severe birth defects ⓘ venous thromboembolism ⓘ |
| mechanismOfAction |
anti-angiogenic activity
ⓘ
immunomodulation ⓘ inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha ⓘ |
| metabolizedIn | liver ⓘ |
| originalIndication |
antiemetic for morning sickness
ⓘ
sedative ⓘ |
| pregnancyCategoryUS | X ⓘ |
| relatedDrug |
lenalidomide
ⓘ
pomalidomide ⓘ |
| requiresRiskManagementProgram | yes ⓘ |
| riskManagementProgramName | Thalomid REMS ⓘ |
| routeOfAdministration | oral ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: thalidomide Description of subject: Thalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug historically known for causing severe birth defects, now used under strict controls to treat conditions such as multiple myeloma and complications of leprosy.
Referenced by (4)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: thalidomide
linked to: thalidomide