Kingdom of Lotharingia

E239964

Carolingian successor state former kingdom medieval polity

The Kingdom of Lotharingia was a short-lived medieval realm in the heart of Europe, stretching roughly from the North Sea to the Alps, that emerged from the partition of the Carolingian Empire and later became a contested borderland between East and West Francia.

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All labels observed (9)

Label	Occurrences
Lotharingia	69
Kingdom of Lotharingia canonical	7
Regnum Lotharii	2
Kingdom of Middle Francia	1
Lotharingia (core region later named after him)	1
Lotharingia (intermittently)	1
Middle Francia / Lotharingia	1
Middle Frankish Kingdom	1
Parts of Lotharingia	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2006777 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Kingdom of Lotharingia
Context triple: [Carolingian dynasty, hasPart, Kingdom of Lotharingia]

A. Duchy of Lower Lotharingia
The Duchy of Lower Lotharingia was a medieval principality of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries, encompassing parts of present-day Belgium, the Netherlands, and Germany before fragmenting into smaller regional duchies and counties.
B. Duchy of Franconia
The Duchy of Franconia was a medieval stem duchy of East Francia and the Holy Roman Empire, centered in what is now central Germany and playing a key role in early German state formation.
C. Burgundian Kingdom (early phase)
The Burgundian Kingdom (early phase) was a Germanic monarchy established by the Burgundians in the collapsing Western Roman Empire, known for its fusion of Roman traditions with Gothic Christian (Arian) religious practices.
D. Duchy of Mark
The Duchy of Mark was a medieval and early modern territorial principality within the Holy Roman Empire, located in what is now North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
E. Duchy of Lorraine
The Duchy of Lorraine was a historically significant autonomous state in the Holy Roman Empire, located in what is now northeastern France, that played a key strategic role in European conflicts before its eventual annexation by France in the 18th century.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Kingdom of Lotharingia
Target entity description: The Kingdom of Lotharingia was a short-lived medieval realm in the heart of Europe, stretching roughly from the North Sea to the Alps, that emerged from the partition of the Carolingian Empire and later became a contested borderland between East and West Francia.

A. Duchy of Lower Lotharingia
The Duchy of Lower Lotharingia was a medieval principality of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries, encompassing parts of present-day Belgium, the Netherlands, and Germany before fragmenting into smaller regional duchies and counties.
B. Duchy of Franconia
The Duchy of Franconia was a medieval stem duchy of East Francia and the Holy Roman Empire, centered in what is now central Germany and playing a key role in early German state formation.
C. Burgundian Kingdom (early phase)
The Burgundian Kingdom (early phase) was a Germanic monarchy established by the Burgundians in the collapsing Western Roman Empire, known for its fusion of Roman traditions with Gothic Christian (Arian) religious practices.
D. Duchy of Mark
The Duchy of Mark was a medieval and early modern territorial principality within the Holy Roman Empire, located in what is now North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
E. Duchy of Lorraine
The Duchy of Lorraine was a historically significant autonomous state in the Holy Roman Empire, located in what is now northeastern France, that played a key strategic role in European conflicts before its eventual annexation by France in the 18th century.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (49)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Carolingian successor state ⓘ former kingdom ⓘ medieval polity ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	Lotharii regnum ⓘ Lotharingia ⓘ linked to: Kingdom of Lotharingia Regnum Lotharii ⓘ linked to: Kingdom of Lotharingia
borderlandBetween	East Francia ⓘ West Francia ⓘ
capital	Metz ⓘ
characterizedAs	short-lived medieval realm ⓘ
continent	Europe ⓘ
dissolved	959 ⓘ
dividedInto	Duchy of Lower Lorraine ⓘ linked to: Duchy of Lower Lotharingia Duchy of Upper Lorraine ⓘ linked to: Duchy of Upper Lotharingia
extendsFrom	North Sea ⓘ
extendsTo	Alps ⓘ
firstRuler	Lothair II ⓘ
follows	Middle Francia ⓘ Middle Francia (Lothair I’s realm) ⓘ linked to: Middle Francia
governmentForm	monarchy ⓘ
historicalRegionSuccessor	Lorraine ⓘ Lower Lorraine ⓘ Upper Lorraine ⓘ
inception	855 ⓘ
languageUsed	Latin ⓘ
laterControlledBy	East Francia ⓘ West Francia ⓘ
laterIntegratedInto	Holy Roman Empire ⓘ
namedAfter	Lothair II ⓘ
partOf	Carolingian Empire ⓘ Middle Ages political geography of Europe ⓘ
religion	Catholic Church ⓘ linked to: Roman Catholicism
ruler	Charles the Bald (as overlord of western parts after partitions) ⓘ linked to: Charles the Bald Lothair II ⓘ Louis the German (as overlord of eastern parts after partitions) ⓘ linked to: Louis the German
rulingDynasty	Carolingian dynasty ⓘ
significantEvent	Treaty of Meerssen ⓘ linked to: Treaty of Mersen Treaty of Prüm ⓘ Treaty of Ribemont ⓘ Treaty of Verdun ⓘ
territoryIncludes	parts of present-day Italy ⓘ parts of present-day Switzerland ⓘ present-day Belgium ⓘ present-day Luxembourg ⓘ present-day Netherlands ⓘ present-day eastern France ⓘ present-day western Germany ⓘ
timePeriod	10th century ⓘ 9th century ⓘ

How these facts were elicited