Government of India Act 1919

E2332

The Government of India Act 1919 was a key constitutional reform by the British that introduced limited self-governance in India through dyarchy in the provinces and expanded Indian participation in legislative councils.

All labels observed (6)

How this entity was disambiguated

Statements (49)

Predicate Object
instanceOf Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom
constitutional reform
alsoKnownAs Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
Montford Reforms
appliesToJurisdiction British India
basedOnReportBy Edwin Samuel Montagu
Lord Chelmsford
cameIntoForceInYear 1921
country United Kingdom
createdBody bicameral Indian legislature at the centre
createdChamber Council of State
Legislative Assembly
criticizedFor limited scope of Indian self-government
retaining extensive powers for the governor and Viceroy
definedReservedSubjectsAs subjects administered by the governor and his executive council
definedTransferredSubjectsAs subjects administered by ministers responsible to the legislative council
enactedBy Parliament of the United Kingdom
expanded Indian representation in legislative councils
provincial legislative councils
followedAnnouncement August 1917 Montagu Declaration
historicalPeriod late British Raj
influencedBy Indian nationalist demands for self-government
World War I political context
introduced direct elections to legislative councils on a limited franchise
introducedBy Edwin Samuel Montagu
introducedConcept division of provincial subjects into reserved and transferred
introducedOffice High Commissioner for India in London
introducedSystem dyarchy in the provinces
legalStatus repealed
limitedFranchiseTo property, tax, and education-based voters
limitedPowersOf central legislature
providedFor appointment of Indian ministers in provinces
separate provincial budgets
purpose to increase Indian participation in government
to introduce limited self-governance in British India
receivedRoyalAssentOn 23 December 1919
region Indian subcontinent
linked to: South Asia
requiredReviewBy a statutory commission after 10 years
retained communal electorates
retainedControlOver defence
ecclesiastical affairs
foreign affairs
political relations with Indian states
retainedSupremacyOf British Parliament
reviewedBy Simon Commission
significance first systematic introduction of dyarchy in any part of the British Empire
marked a shift from autocratic to partially responsible government in provinces
statedGoal progressive realization of responsible government in India
supersededBy Government of India Act 1935

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (48)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

British India notableEvent Government of India Act 1919
Government of India Act 1919 alsoKnownAs Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
linked to: Government of India Act 1919
Government of India Act 1935 predecessor Government of India Act 1919
Montford Reforms hasPart Government of India Act 1919
Montford Reforms follows Morley–Minto Reforms
linked to: Government of India Act 1919
Montford Reforms alsoKnownAs Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
linked to: Government of India Act 1919
Montford Reforms basedOn Montagu–Chelmsford Report of 1918
linked to: Government of India Act 1919
August 1917 Montagu Declaration influenced Government of India Act 1919
August 1917 Montagu Declaration followedBy Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
linked to: Government of India Act 1919
August 1917 Montagu Declaration followedBy Government of India Act 1919
Simon Commission legalBasis Government of India Act 1919
Council of State (British India) legalBasis Government of India Act 1919
subject linked to: Council of State
Council of State (British India) createdUnder Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
subject linked to: Council of State
linked to: Government of India Act 1919
Legislative Assembly (British India) establishedBy Government of India Act 1919
subject linked to: Legislative Assembly
Legislative Assembly (British India) constitutionalBasis Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
subject linked to: Legislative Assembly
linked to: Government of India Act 1919
Lord Chelmsford coAuthorOf Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
linked to: Government of India Act 1919
Lord Chelmsford coAuthorOf Government of India Act 1919
Lord Chelmsford knownFor Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
linked to: Government of India Act 1919
University of Delhi foundedBy Act of the Central Legislative Assembly
linked to: Government of India Act 1919
Edwin Samuel Montagu notableWork Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
linked to: Government of India Act 1919
Edwin Samuel Montagu notableWork Government of India Act 1919
Legislative Council of the United Provinces follows Government of India Act 1919
Imperial Legislative Council of India legalBasis Government of India Act 1919
Imperial Legislative Council of India significantEvent Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms transition
linked to: Government of India Act 1919
Indian Councils Act 1861 replacedBy Government of India Act 1919
Indian Councils Act 1861 relatedTo Government of India Act 1919
Indian Administrative Service formedBy Government of India Act 1919
subject linked to: IAS
Morley–Minto Reforms followedBy Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
linked to: Government of India Act 1919
Morley–Minto Reforms followedBy Government of India Act 1919
Chamber of Princes establishedBy Government of India Act 1919
Chamber of Princes legalBasis Government of India Act 1919
Chamber of Princes createdUnder Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
linked to: Government of India Act 1919
Indian Home Rule League influenced Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
linked to: Government of India Act 1919
Council of State (British India) establishedBy Government of India Act 1919
Council of State (British India) legalBasis Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
linked to: Government of India Act 1919
Government of British India significantEvent Government of India Act 1919
Government of British India legalBasis Government of India Act 1919
Frederic John Napier Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford notableWork Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
subject linked to: Frederic John Napier Thesiger
linked to: Government of India Act 1919
Provincial Legislature of the United Provinces follows Government of India Act 1919
Legislative Council of Bihar and Orissa follows Government of India Act 1919
Indian Councils Act 1909 followedBy Government of India Act 1919
Acts of the Central Legislative Assembly of India hasPart Government of India Act 1919
British policies in India legalBasis Government of India Act 1919
British policies in India associatedWith Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
linked to: Government of India Act 1919
British colonial authorities in India significantEvent Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
linked to: Government of India Act 1919
British colonial authorities in India significantEvent Government of India Act 1919