Halabja chemical attack

E202797

The Halabja chemical attack was a 1988 mass killing of Kurdish civilians in the Iraqi town of Halabja using chemical weapons by Saddam Hussein’s regime, and is one of the most notorious war crimes of the late 20th century.

All labels observed (5)

How this entity was disambiguated

Statements (49)

Predicate Object
instanceOf chemical weapons attack ⓘ
crime against humanity ⓘ
mass killing ⓘ
war crime ⓘ
aftermath evidence used in trials of Saddam-era officials ⓘ
international condemnation of Iraqi regime ⓘ
alsoKnownAs Halabja gas attack ⓘ
Halabja massacre ⓘ
associatedWith Al-Anfal genocide campaign ⓘ
linked to: Al-Anfal campaign

Kurdish genocide ⓘ
linked to: Anfal genocide
cause Iraqi attempt to punish Kurdish collaboration with Iran ⓘ
commemoratedOn Halabja Memorial Day ⓘ
conflict Iraq–Iran War ⓘ
linked to: Iran–Iraq War
country Iraq ⓘ
date 1988-03-16 ⓘ
estimatedDeaths 5000 ⓘ
estimatedInjured 10000 ⓘ
7000 ⓘ
legalStatus crime against humanity under international law ⓘ
war crime under international law ⓘ
location Halabja ⓘ
Iraqi Kurdistan ⓘ
Kurdistan Region ⓘ
memorial Halabja Monument ⓘ
linked to: Halabja
notableFor high proportion of women and children among victims ⓘ
use of multiple chemical agents in a single attack ⓘ
partOf Al-Anfal campaign ⓘ
perpetrator Ba'athist Iraq ⓘ
Saddam Hussein regime ⓘ
linked to: Ba'athist Iraq
precededBy conventional bombardment of Halabja ⓘ
region Middle East ⓘ
responsibleCommander Ali Hassan al-Majid ⓘ
Saddam Hussein ⓘ
result environmental contamination ⓘ
long-term health effects ⓘ
mass civilian casualties ⓘ
significance one of the largest chemical weapons attacks against a civilian-populated area in history ⓘ
symbol of Kurdish suffering under Saddam Hussein ⓘ
target Kurdish civilians ⓘ
civilian population ⓘ
usedAsEvidenceIn trial of Ali Hassan al-Majid ⓘ
trial of Saddam Hussein ⓘ
weaponUsed VX (nerve agent) ⓘ
linked to: VX gas

chemical weapons ⓘ
mustard gas ⓘ
nerve agents ⓘ
sarin ⓘ
tabun ⓘ
year 1988 ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (12)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Iraqi Kurdish rebellions → relatedTo → Halabja chemical attack ⓘ
Ali Hassan al-Majid → notableFor → Halabja chemical attack ⓘ
Ali Hassan al-Majid → perpetratorOf → Halabja chemical attack ⓘ
Halabja chemical attack → alsoKnownAs → Halabja massacre ⓘ
linked to: Halabja chemical attack
Halabja chemical attack → alsoKnownAs → Halabja gas attack ⓘ
linked to: Halabja chemical attack
Halabja → knownFor → Halabja massacre ⓘ
linked to: Halabja chemical attack
Ali Hassan al-Majid → notableFor → Halabja chemical attack ⓘ
subject linked to: Chemical Ali
Halabja Memorial Day → commemorates → Halabja chemical bombing ⓘ
linked to: Halabja chemical attack
Halabja Memorial Day → hasCause → 1988 chemical bombing of Halabja ⓘ
linked to: Halabja chemical attack
Halabja Memorial Day → follows → Halabja chemical bombing ⓘ
linked to: Halabja chemical attack
Halabja Memorial Day → relatedTo → Halabja massacre ⓘ
linked to: Halabja chemical attack
Halabja Governorate → historicalEventSite → Halabja chemical attack ⓘ