Battle of Herdonia (212 BC)

E195456

battle engagement of the Second Punic War

The Battle of Herdonia (212 BC) was a significant engagement of the Second Punic War in which Hannibal decisively defeated a Roman army in Apulia, further undermining Roman control in southern Italy.

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All labels observed (2)

Label	Occurrences
Battle of Herdonia (212 BC) canonical	5
Battle of Herdonia (210 BC)	2

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1761459 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Battle of Herdonia (212 BC)
Context triple: [Battle of Cannae, followedBy, Battle of Herdonia (212 BC)]

A. Battle of Delium
The Battle of Delium was a significant engagement of the Peloponnesian War in 424 BC, where Boeotian forces decisively defeated the Athenians near the sanctuary of Apollo at Delium.
B. Battle of Heraclea
The Battle of Heraclea was a major 280 BC clash in southern Italy where King Pyrrhus of Epirus defeated the Romans in one of the earliest and most famous engagements of the Pyrrhic War.
C. Battle of Himara
The Battle of Himara was a World War II engagement in December 1940 during the Greco-Italian War, in which Greek forces captured the coastal town of Himara from Italian troops in southern Albania.
D. Battle of Orchomenus (352 BCE)
The Battle of Orchomenus (352 BCE) was a decisive victory by Philip II of Macedon over the Phocians that marked a turning point in Macedonian dominance in central Greece during the Third Sacred War.
E. Battle of Opis
The Battle of Opis was a decisive 539 BC engagement in which Cyrus the Great’s Persian forces defeated the Neo-Babylonian army, leading to the fall of Babylon and the expansion of the Achaemenid Empire.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Battle of Herdonia (212 BC)
Target entity description: The Battle of Herdonia (212 BC) was a significant engagement of the Second Punic War in which Hannibal decisively defeated a Roman army in Apulia, further undermining Roman control in southern Italy.

A. Battle of Delium
The Battle of Delium was a significant engagement of the Peloponnesian War in 424 BC, where Boeotian forces decisively defeated the Athenians near the sanctuary of Apollo at Delium.
B. Battle of Heraclea
The Battle of Heraclea was a major 280 BC clash in southern Italy where King Pyrrhus of Epirus defeated the Romans in one of the earliest and most famous engagements of the Pyrrhic War.
C. Battle of Himara
The Battle of Himara was a World War II engagement in December 1940 during the Greco-Italian War, in which Greek forces captured the coastal town of Himara from Italian troops in southern Albania.
D. Battle of Orchomenus (352 BCE)
The Battle of Orchomenus (352 BCE) was a decisive victory by Philip II of Macedon over the Phocians that marked a turning point in Macedonian dominance in central Greece during the Third Sacred War.
E. Battle of Opis
The Battle of Opis was a decisive 539 BC engagement in which Cyrus the Great’s Persian forces defeated the Neo-Babylonian army, leading to the fall of Babylon and the expansion of the Achaemenid Empire.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (37)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	battle ⓘ engagement of the Second Punic War ⓘ
belligerent	Carthage ⓘ Roman Republic ⓘ
combatant	Carthaginian army ⓘ Roman army ⓘ
commandedBy	Hannibal ⓘ linked to: Hannibal (Carthaginian general)
conflict	Second Punic War ⓘ
conflictType	land battle ⓘ
countryAtTime	Roman Republic territory ⓘ
date	212 BC ⓘ
era	3rd century BC ⓘ
followedBy	Battle of Herdonia (210 BC) ⓘ linked to: Battle of Herdonia (212 BC)
hasCasualties	heavy Roman casualties ⓘ light Carthaginian casualties ⓘ
historicalRegion	Magna Graecia vicinity ⓘ
location	Apulia ⓘ Herdonia ⓘ southern Italy ⓘ
namedAfter	Herdonia ⓘ
notableFor	Hannibal’s tactical superiority over Roman forces ⓘ ambush and destruction of a Roman field army ⓘ
opponentCommander	Roman commander Gnaeus Fulvius Flaccus ⓘ
outcome	decisive Carthaginian victory ⓘ
partOf	Hannibal’s Italian campaign ⓘ linked to: Hannibal's crossing of the Alps
precededBy	Battle of Cannae ⓘ
primarySource	Livy’s Ab Urbe Condita ⓘ
result	Carthaginian victory ⓘ Roman army destroyed ⓘ Roman control in Apulia weakened ⓘ Roman influence in southern Italy undermined ⓘ
significance	example of Hannibal’s continued offensive capability after Cannae ⓘ major setback for Roman efforts in Apulia ⓘ
strategicEffect	discouraged Roman allies in southern Italy ⓘ strengthened Hannibal’s position in Apulia ⓘ
theatre	Italian theatre of the Second Punic War ⓘ
year	212 BC ⓘ