Treaty of New Echota (1835)

E193049

19th-century treaty United States–Native American treaty treaty

The Treaty of New Echota (1835) was a controversial agreement, signed by a minority faction of the Cherokee, that ceded Cherokee lands east of the Mississippi River to the United States and led directly to the forced removal known as the Trail of Tears.

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All labels observed (4)

Label	Occurrences
Treaty of New Echota	12
Treaty of New Echota (1835) canonical	2
Cherokee Nation treaty party faction	1
Treaty Party (Cherokee political faction)	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1742085 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Treaty of New Echota (1835)
Context triple: [Cherokee Nation (historical), significantTreaty, Treaty of New Echota (1835)]

A. Treaty of Fort Finney
The Treaty of Fort Finney was a 1786 agreement in which several Shawnee leaders ceded large tracts of land in the Ohio River Valley to the United States, helping set the stage for escalating conflicts that became the Northwest Indian War.
B. Treaty of 1837 with the United States
The Treaty of 1837 with the United States was an agreement in which the Ho-Chunk (Winnebago) Nation ceded large portions of their ancestral lands in the Upper Midwest to the U.S. government, contributing to their forced removal and displacement.
C. Treaty of Greenville
The Treaty of Greenville was a 1795 agreement between the United States and a coalition of Native American tribes that ended major hostilities in the Northwest Territory and opened much of present-day Ohio to American settlement.
D. Treaty of Fort McIntosh
The Treaty of Fort McIntosh was a 1785 agreement between the United States and several Native American nations that ceded large tracts of land in the Ohio Country to U.S. control, helping set the stage for further conflict in the Northwest Indian War.
E. Treaty of St. Louis (1825)
The Treaty of St. Louis (1825) was an agreement between the United States and several Native American tribes that further ceded Indigenous lands in the Midwest to the U.S. government as part of its westward expansion.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Treaty of New Echota (1835)
Target entity description: The Treaty of New Echota (1835) was a controversial agreement, signed by a minority faction of the Cherokee, that ceded Cherokee lands east of the Mississippi River to the United States and led directly to the forced removal known as the Trail of Tears.

A. Treaty of Fort Finney
The Treaty of Fort Finney was a 1786 agreement in which several Shawnee leaders ceded large tracts of land in the Ohio River Valley to the United States, helping set the stage for escalating conflicts that became the Northwest Indian War.
B. Treaty of 1837 with the United States
The Treaty of 1837 with the United States was an agreement in which the Ho-Chunk (Winnebago) Nation ceded large portions of their ancestral lands in the Upper Midwest to the U.S. government, contributing to their forced removal and displacement.
C. Treaty of Greenville
The Treaty of Greenville was a 1795 agreement between the United States and a coalition of Native American tribes that ended major hostilities in the Northwest Territory and opened much of present-day Ohio to American settlement.
D. Treaty of Fort McIntosh
The Treaty of Fort McIntosh was a 1785 agreement between the United States and several Native American nations that ceded large tracts of land in the Ohio Country to U.S. control, helping set the stage for further conflict in the Northwest Indian War.
E. Treaty of St. Louis (1825)
The Treaty of St. Louis (1825) was an agreement between the United States and several Native American tribes that further ceded Indigenous lands in the Midwest to the U.S. government as part of its westward expansion.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (49)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	19th-century treaty ⓘ United States–Native American treaty ⓘ treaty ⓘ
affectedGroup	Cherokee Nation ⓘ linked to: Cherokee Nation (historical) Cherokee people east of the Mississippi River ⓘ linked to: Cherokee Nation (historical)
aftermath	assassination of Major Ridge, John Ridge, and Elias Boudinot by Cherokee opponents ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	Treaty of New Echota (1835) ⓘ
archivedIn	U.S. National Archives ⓘ linked to: National Archives and Records Administration
ceded	Cherokee lands east of the Mississippi River ⓘ
consequence	death of a large number of Cherokee during removal ⓘ forced migration of thousands of Cherokee people ⓘ
controversial	true ⓘ
countryParty	Cherokee Nation (faction) ⓘ linked to: Cherokee Nation (historical) United States of America ⓘ
governingLaw	United States treaty law ⓘ linked to: Treaties of the United States
historicalPeriod	Jacksonian era ⓘ
jurisdiction	United States federal government ⓘ linked to: United States government
language	English ⓘ
ledTo	Trail of Tears ⓘ
legalBasisFor	forced removal of the Cherokee ⓘ
opposedBy	Principal Chief John Ross ⓘ majority of the Cherokee Nation ⓘ
placeInHistory	key event in the history of the Cherokee Nation ⓘ major episode in the history of U.S. Indian removal ⓘ
providedFor	assistance with removal and subsistence for a limited period ⓘ exchange of Cherokee lands in the East for lands in Indian Territory ⓘ monetary compensation to the Cherokee Nation ⓘ payment for improvements on Cherokee lands ⓘ removal of the Cherokee Nation to Indian Territory ⓘ
ratifiedBy	United States Senate ⓘ
ratifiedOn	May 23, 1836 ⓘ
recognizedByUSAsLegitimate	true ⓘ
rejectedByCherokeeNationalCouncil	true ⓘ
relatedEvent	Indian Removal Act of 1830 ⓘ linked to: Indian Removal policy of the United States
relatedToPolicy	U.S. Indian removal policy ⓘ
signatory	Elias Boudinot ⓘ John Ridge ⓘ Major Ridge ⓘ Stand Watie ⓘ United States government representatives ⓘ members of the Cherokee Treaty Party ⓘ
signedAt	New Echota, Georgia ⓘ
signedByMinorityFaction	true ⓘ
signedIn	1835 ⓘ
signedOn	December 29, 1835 ⓘ
subjectMatter	forced relocation ⓘ land cession ⓘ sovereignty ⓘ
voteMarginInSenate	ratified by one vote ⓘ

How these facts were elicited