First Fitna

Target entity: First Fitna
Context triple: [Rashidun Caliphate, significantEvent, First Fitna]

• A. Ridda Wars
  The Ridda Wars were a series of military campaigns launched by the early Rashidun Caliphate to suppress apostasy and rebellion in Arabia following the death of the Prophet Muhammad.
• B. Second Fitna
  The Second Fitna was a major early Islamic civil war (c. 680–692 CE) marked by rival caliphal claims, including those of Husayn ibn Ali and Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, that challenged and ultimately shaped Umayyad rule.
• C. Third Fitna
  The Third Fitna was a late 8th-century Islamic civil war marked by intense internal conflict and rival claimants to the caliphate that contributed to the weakening and eventual downfall of the Umayyad dynasty.
• D. Ramadan War
  The Ramadan War, more widely known as the Yom Kippur War, was the 1973 conflict in which Egypt and Syria launched a surprise attack on Israel during a major religious holiday, leading to a pivotal Arab-Israeli war.
• E. Mahdist War
  The Mahdist War was a late 19th-century Islamic rebellion and conflict in Sudan against Egyptian and British rule, led by Muhammad Ahmad al-Mahdi and his successors.
• F. None of above. chosen
• G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Target entity: First Fitna
Target entity description: The First Fitna was the first major civil war in early Islamic history, marked by political and religious conflicts over the rightful caliph following the assassination of Uthman and during the caliphate of Ali.

• A. Ridda Wars
  The Ridda Wars were a series of military campaigns launched by the early Rashidun Caliphate to suppress apostasy and rebellion in Arabia following the death of the Prophet Muhammad.
• B. Second Fitna
  The Second Fitna was a major early Islamic civil war (c. 680–692 CE) marked by rival caliphal claims, including those of Husayn ibn Ali and Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, that challenged and ultimately shaped Umayyad rule.
• C. Third Fitna
  The Third Fitna was a late 8th-century Islamic civil war marked by intense internal conflict and rival claimants to the caliphate that contributed to the weakening and eventual downfall of the Umayyad dynasty.
• D. Ramadan War
  The Ramadan War, more widely known as the Yom Kippur War, was the 1973 conflict in which Egypt and Syria launched a surprise attack on Israel during a major religious holiday, leading to a pivotal Arab-Israeli war.
• E. Mahdist War
  The Mahdist War was a late 19th-century Islamic rebellion and conflict in Sudan against Egyptian and British rule, led by Muhammad Ahmad al-Mahdi and his successors.
• F. None of above. chosen