AddRoundKey
E171108
AddRoundKey is a core AES transformation step that combines the current state with a round-specific subkey using bitwise XOR to provide key-dependent confusion.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| AddRoundKey canonical | 2 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1500546 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: AddRoundKey Context triple: [Advanced Encryption Standard, usesOperation, AddRoundKey]
-
A.
Salsa20
Salsa20 is a high-speed stream cipher designed by Daniel J. Bernstein, widely used in modern cryptography for its strong security and efficient software performance.
-
B.
RC5
RC5 is a symmetric-key block cipher designed by cryptographer Ronald L. Rivest, known for its simplicity, parameter flexibility, and use in various encryption applications.
-
C.
RC4 stream cipher
The RC4 stream cipher is a once-widely used symmetric key algorithm known for its simplicity and speed in software, but now considered insecure due to multiple discovered vulnerabilities.
-
D.
ChaCha20
ChaCha20 is a modern stream cipher designed by Daniel J. Bernstein, widely used for its high performance and strong security in protocols like TLS.
-
E.
RC-6
RC-6 is a mid-size fastback sedan produced by the Chinese automaker Baojun, known for its elevated ride height and crossover-inspired styling.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: AddRoundKey Target entity description: AddRoundKey is a core AES transformation step that combines the current state with a round-specific subkey using bitwise XOR to provide key-dependent confusion.
-
A.
Salsa20
Salsa20 is a high-speed stream cipher designed by Daniel J. Bernstein, widely used in modern cryptography for its strong security and efficient software performance.
-
B.
RC5
RC5 is a symmetric-key block cipher designed by cryptographer Ronald L. Rivest, known for its simplicity, parameter flexibility, and use in various encryption applications.
-
C.
RC4 stream cipher
The RC4 stream cipher is a once-widely used symmetric key algorithm known for its simplicity and speed in software, but now considered insecure due to multiple discovered vulnerabilities.
-
D.
ChaCha20
ChaCha20 is a modern stream cipher designed by Daniel J. Bernstein, widely used for its high performance and strong security in protocols like TLS.
-
E.
RC-6
RC-6 is a mid-size fastback sedan produced by the Chinese automaker Baojun, known for its elevated ride height and crossover-inspired styling.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (46)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
AES transformation step
ⓘ
cryptographic primitive operation ⓘ |
| actsOn | each state byte with corresponding key byte ⓘ |
| appliedBitwise | via XOR on bits of state and key ⓘ |
| appliedBytewise | true ⓘ |
| appliesTo | AES state ⓘ |
| category | symmetric-key cryptography operation ⓘ |
| commutesWith | other XOR-based key additions on same state ⓘ |
| complexity | linear time in state size ⓘ |
| definedBy |
FIPS 197
ⓘ
linked to:
Advanced Encryption Standard
|
| doesNotChange | state size ⓘ |
| implementation |
bitwise XOR gates in hardware
ⓘ
bytewise XOR instructions in software ⓘ |
| input |
current AES state
ⓘ
round key ⓘ |
| introducedWith |
Rijndael cipher
ⓘ
linked to:
Rijndael
|
| inverseOperation | AddRoundKey ⓘ |
| isKeyDependent | true ⓘ |
| isLinearOver | GF(2) ⓘ |
| mathematicalDescription | state = state XOR roundKey ⓘ |
| operatesOn |
128-bit state
ⓘ
4x4 byte matrix ⓘ state matrix ⓘ |
| output | updated AES state ⓘ |
| partOf |
AES round function
ⓘ
Advanced Encryption Standard ⓘ |
| performedIn |
every AES decryption round
ⓘ
every AES encryption round ⓘ |
| positionInRound |
first step of AES encryption round
ⓘ
last step of AES decryption round ⓘ |
| provides | key-dependent confusion ⓘ |
| requires | expanded key schedule ⓘ |
| reversibility | self-inverse operation ⓘ |
| roundDependency | round index determines subkey ⓘ |
| securityRole |
binds encryption to secret key
ⓘ
prevents keyless recovery of plaintext ⓘ |
| standardizedIn |
AES specification
ⓘ
linked to:
Advanced Encryption Standard
|
| usedFor | both encryption and decryption in AES ⓘ |
| usedIn |
AES-128
ⓘ
linked to:
Advanced Encryption Standard
AES-192 ⓘ
linked to:
Advanced Encryption Standard
AES-256 ⓘ
linked to:
Advanced Encryption Standard
|
| usedWith |
MixColumns
ⓘ
ShiftRows ⓘ SubBytes ⓘ |
| uses | round subkey ⓘ |
| usesOperation | bitwise XOR ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: AddRoundKey Description of subject: AddRoundKey is a core AES transformation step that combines the current state with a round-specific subkey using bitwise XOR to provide key-dependent confusion.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.