Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 1998
E160765
The Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 1998 is a U.S. federal law that modernized and deregulated international ocean liner shipping by promoting confidential service contracts and greater competition in the maritime transport industry.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 1998 canonical | 7 |
| Ocean Shipping Reform Act (1998) | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1380301 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 1998 Context triple: [Shipping Act of 1916, relatedTo, Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 1998]
-
A.
Shipping Act of 1984
The Shipping Act of 1984 is a U.S. federal law that modernized and deregulated the international ocean shipping industry by promoting competition and reducing government oversight of carrier agreements and practices.
-
B.
Merchant Marine Act of 1970
The Merchant Marine Act of 1970 is a U.S. federal law that updated and expanded national maritime policy, including shipbuilding and fleet modernization programs, to strengthen the American merchant marine.
-
C.
Maritime Security Act of 1996
The Maritime Security Act of 1996 is a U.S. federal law that established a framework to maintain a modern, militarily useful U.S.-flag commercial fleet available to support national defense and economic security.
-
D.
Merchant Shipping Act
The Merchant Shipping Act is a key piece of United Kingdom legislation that regulates British merchant vessels, their registration, safety standards, and the rules under which they operate at sea.
-
E.
Merchant Marine Act of 1936
The Merchant Marine Act of 1936 is a U.S. federal law that established policies and programs to develop and maintain a strong American merchant marine for commerce and national defense.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 1998 Target entity description: The Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 1998 is a U.S. federal law that modernized and deregulated international ocean liner shipping by promoting confidential service contracts and greater competition in the maritime transport industry.
-
A.
Shipping Act of 1984
The Shipping Act of 1984 is a U.S. federal law that modernized and deregulated the international ocean shipping industry by promoting competition and reducing government oversight of carrier agreements and practices.
-
B.
Merchant Marine Act of 1970
The Merchant Marine Act of 1970 is a U.S. federal law that updated and expanded national maritime policy, including shipbuilding and fleet modernization programs, to strengthen the American merchant marine.
-
C.
Maritime Security Act of 1996
The Maritime Security Act of 1996 is a U.S. federal law that established a framework to maintain a modern, militarily useful U.S.-flag commercial fleet available to support national defense and economic security.
-
D.
Merchant Shipping Act
The Merchant Shipping Act is a key piece of United Kingdom legislation that regulates British merchant vessels, their registration, safety standards, and the rules under which they operate at sea.
-
E.
Merchant Marine Act of 1936
The Merchant Marine Act of 1936 is a U.S. federal law that established policies and programs to develop and maintain a strong American merchant marine for commerce and national defense.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States federal statute
ⓘ
maritime law ⓘ |
| administeredBy |
Federal Maritime Commission
ⓘ
linked to:
United States Federal Maritime Commission
|
| aimsTo |
benefit U.S. exporters and importers through more flexible contracts
ⓘ
enhance efficiency of ocean transportation system ⓘ |
| allows | confidential service contracts ⓘ |
| amends | Shipping Act of 1984 ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
U.S. foreign commerce by water
ⓘ
common carriage of goods by ocean ⓘ |
| changes | rules on service contracts in liner shipping ⓘ |
| country |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| effectiveIn | international ocean liner shipping ⓘ |
| enactedBy | United States Congress ⓘ |
| encourages | confidential service contracts between shippers and carriers ⓘ |
| followedBy | Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 2022 ⓘ |
| governs |
agreements among ocean common carriers
ⓘ
service contracts between shippers and carriers ⓘ |
| historicalContext | part of late-20th-century U.S. transportation deregulation trend ⓘ |
| increases | reliance on market-based pricing in ocean shipping ⓘ |
| jurisdiction |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| legalDomain | maritime transport regulation ⓘ |
| limits | collective ratemaking by carrier conferences ⓘ |
| modifies | filing requirements for tariffs ⓘ |
| objective |
to encourage the development of an economically sound and efficient U.S.-flag liner fleet
ⓘ
to promote the growth and development of U.S. exports through competitive and efficient ocean transportation ⓘ to provide a nondiscriminatory regulatory process for common carriage of goods by water in foreign commerce ⓘ |
| overseenBy |
Federal Maritime Commission
ⓘ
linked to:
United States Federal Maritime Commission
|
| policyType | deregulation ⓘ |
| predecessor | Shipping Act of 1984 ⓘ |
| provides | greater flexibility in service contract terms ⓘ |
| purpose |
to modernize regulation of international ocean liner shipping
ⓘ
to promote competition in ocean shipping ⓘ to reduce government intervention in ocean shipping pricing and services ⓘ |
| reduces |
public tariff filing obligations for carriers
ⓘ
role of ocean carrier conferences ⓘ |
| regulates |
marine terminal operators
ⓘ
ocean common carriers ⓘ ocean transportation intermediaries ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
containerized cargo transport
ⓘ
liner shipping conferences ⓘ |
| sector | international maritime transport ⓘ |
| shortName | OSRA 1998 ⓘ |
| signedBy | Bill Clinton ⓘ |
| signingPresident | Bill Clinton ⓘ |
| strengthens | antitrust immunity limitations for carrier agreements ⓘ |
| subjectMatter | ocean transportation in foreign commerce ⓘ |
| yearEnacted | 1998 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 1998 Description of subject: The Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 1998 is a U.S. federal law that modernized and deregulated international ocean liner shipping by promoting confidential service contracts and greater competition in the maritime transport industry.
Referenced by (8)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 1998
Board of Commissioners of the Federal Maritime Commission
→
hasLegalBasis
→
Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 1998
ⓘ
subject linked to:
Board of Commissioners
subject linked to:
FMC