Sunda-Sulawesi languages

E148163

Austronesian language subgroup proposed language group

The Sunda-Sulawesi languages are a proposed group of Austronesian languages spoken primarily in western and central Indonesia, including parts of Java, Sulawesi, and nearby islands.

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All labels observed (5)

Label	Occurrences
Malayo-Sumbawan languages	2
Makassaric languages	1
Sunda-Sulawesi languages canonical	1
Sunda-Sulawesi subgroup	1
Western Indonesian languages	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1223893 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Sunda-Sulawesi languages
Context triple: [Malayo-Polynesian languages, hasSubgroup, Sunda-Sulawesi languages]

A. Gorontalo–Mongondow languages
The Gorontalo–Mongondow languages are a group of closely related Austronesian languages spoken primarily in northern Sulawesi, Indonesia.
B. Timor–Babar languages
The Timor–Babar languages are a subgroup of Austronesian languages spoken primarily on Timor and nearby islands in eastern Indonesia, noted for their complex phonologies and diverse grammatical structures.
C. Flores–Lembata languages
The Flores–Lembata languages are a subgroup of Austronesian languages spoken on the islands of Flores and Lembata in eastern Indonesia, known for their distinctive phonological and grammatical features within the region.
D. Bima–Sumba languages
The Bima–Sumba languages are a subgroup of Austronesian languages spoken primarily on the islands of Sumbawa and Sumba in eastern Indonesia.
E. Bungku–Tolaki languages
The Bungku–Tolaki languages are a subgroup of Austronesian languages spoken primarily in southeastern Sulawesi, Indonesia, known for their shared phonological and grammatical features within the Celebic branch.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Sunda-Sulawesi languages
Target entity description: The Sunda-Sulawesi languages are a proposed group of Austronesian languages spoken primarily in western and central Indonesia, including parts of Java, Sulawesi, and nearby islands.

A. Gorontalo–Mongondow languages
The Gorontalo–Mongondow languages are a group of closely related Austronesian languages spoken primarily in northern Sulawesi, Indonesia.
B. Timor–Babar languages
The Timor–Babar languages are a subgroup of Austronesian languages spoken primarily on Timor and nearby islands in eastern Indonesia, noted for their complex phonologies and diverse grammatical structures.
C. Flores–Lembata languages
The Flores–Lembata languages are a subgroup of Austronesian languages spoken on the islands of Flores and Lembata in eastern Indonesia, known for their distinctive phonological and grammatical features within the region.
D. Bima–Sumba languages
The Bima–Sumba languages are a subgroup of Austronesian languages spoken primarily on the islands of Sumbawa and Sumba in eastern Indonesia.
E. Bungku–Tolaki languages
The Bungku–Tolaki languages are a subgroup of Austronesian languages spoken primarily in southeastern Sulawesi, Indonesia, known for their shared phonological and grammatical features within the Celebic branch.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (47)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Austronesian language subgroup ⓘ proposed language group ⓘ
basedOn	lexical evidence ⓘ morphological evidence ⓘ phonological evidence ⓘ
country	Indonesia ⓘ
fieldOfStudy	Austronesian linguistics ⓘ historical linguistics ⓘ
geographicDistribution	islands of Java and Sulawesi and nearby islands ⓘ
hasAlternativeName	Sunda-Sulawesi hypothesis ⓘ Sunda-Sulawesi subgroup ⓘ linked to: Sunda-Sulawesi languages
hasCharacteristic	grouping of several major regional languages of Indonesia ⓘ spoken primarily in western and central Indonesia ⓘ
hasPart	Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa languages ⓘ Balinese language ⓘ Bima language ⓘ Buginese language ⓘ Celebic languages ⓘ Flores languages ⓘ Javanic languages ⓘ Kawi language ⓘ Lombok languages ⓘ Madurese language ⓘ linked to: Madurese Madurese-Javanese subgroup ⓘ Makassarese language ⓘ linked to: Makassarese Old Javanese language ⓘ linked to: Kawi (Old Javanese) Sasak language ⓘ linked to: Basa Sasak South Sulawesi languages ⓘ Sumba languages ⓘ linked to: Bima–Sumba languages Sundanese language ⓘ
languageFamilyColor	Austronesian ⓘ linked to: Austronesian languages
locatedInTime	late 20th century ⓘ
partOf	Malayo-Polynesian languages ⓘ
proposedBy	Alexander Adelaar ⓘ Robert Blust ⓘ
spokenIn	Java ⓘ Lesser Sunda Islands ⓘ Sulawesi ⓘ linked to: Celebes central Indonesia ⓘ western Indonesia ⓘ
status	controversial ⓘ not universally accepted ⓘ
subclassOf	Austronesian languages ⓘ
writingSystem	Balinese script ⓘ Javanese script ⓘ Latin script ⓘ linked to: Latin alphabet Lontara script ⓘ

How these facts were elicited