Treaty of Tientsin

E142846

bilateral treaty international agreement unequal treaty

The Treaty of Tientsin was an 1858 agreement that forced Qing China to grant Western powers expanded trade rights, legal privileges, and the opening of additional ports, significantly increasing foreign influence in China.

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All labels observed (7)

Label	Occurrences
Treaty of Tientsin canonical	8
Treaty of Tianjin	7
Treaties of Tianjin	1
Treaties of Tientsin	1
Treaty of Tianjin (1858)	1
Treaty of Tientsin (1858)	1
Treaty of Tientsin 1858	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1226946 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Treaty of Tientsin
Context triple: [Second Opium War, result, Treaty of Tientsin]

A. Treaty of Nanking
The Treaty of Nanking was the 1842 agreement that ended the First Opium War between Britain and China, forcing the Qing dynasty to cede Hong Kong Island and grant significant trade and legal concessions to the British.
B. Treaty of Shimonoseki
The Treaty of Shimonoseki was an 1895 peace agreement between Qing China and Japan that ended the First Sino-Japanese War and marked Japan’s emergence as a major imperial power in East Asia.
C. Pangkor Treaty of 1874
The Pangkor Treaty of 1874 was an agreement between the British and Malay rulers that marked the beginning of formal British political control in the Malay Peninsula by establishing a British Resident in Perak.
D. Nine-Power Treaty
The Nine-Power Treaty was a 1922 international agreement in which major powers affirmed China's sovereignty and the Open Door policy, aiming to limit imperialist encroachments in East Asia.
E. Treaty of Maguan
The Treaty of Maguan, better known internationally as the Treaty of Shimonoseki, was the 1895 peace agreement that ended the First Sino-Japanese War and forced Qing China to cede Taiwan and other concessions to Japan.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Treaty of Tientsin
Target entity description: The Treaty of Tientsin was an 1858 agreement that forced Qing China to grant Western powers expanded trade rights, legal privileges, and the opening of additional ports, significantly increasing foreign influence in China.

A. Treaty of Nanking
The Treaty of Nanking was the 1842 agreement that ended the First Opium War between Britain and China, forcing the Qing dynasty to cede Hong Kong Island and grant significant trade and legal concessions to the British.
B. Treaty of Shimonoseki
The Treaty of Shimonoseki was an 1895 peace agreement between Qing China and Japan that ended the First Sino-Japanese War and marked Japan’s emergence as a major imperial power in East Asia.
C. Pangkor Treaty of 1874
The Pangkor Treaty of 1874 was an agreement between the British and Malay rulers that marked the beginning of formal British political control in the Malay Peninsula by establishing a British Resident in Perak.
D. Nine-Power Treaty
The Nine-Power Treaty was a 1922 international agreement in which major powers affirmed China's sovereignty and the Open Door policy, aiming to limit imperialist encroachments in East Asia.
E. Treaty of Maguan
The Treaty of Maguan, better known internationally as the Treaty of Shimonoseki, was the 1895 peace agreement that ended the First Sino-Japanese War and forced Qing China to cede Taiwan and other concessions to Japan.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (47)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	bilateral treaty ⓘ international agreement ⓘ unequal treaty ⓘ
allowed	establishment of foreign diplomatic missions in Beijing ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	Treaties of Tianjin ⓘ linked to: Treaty of Tientsin Treaties of Tientsin ⓘ linked to: Treaty of Tientsin
category	1858 treaties ⓘ Treaties of the Qing dynasty ⓘ
countrySignatory	French Empire ⓘ Qing dynasty ⓘ Russian Empire ⓘ United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ⓘ United States of America ⓘ
effect	increased presence of Western powers in Chinese politics ⓘ legalization of opium import by some related treaties and arrangements ⓘ weakening of Qing control over foreign trade ⓘ
expanded	foreign influence in China ⓘ foreign trade in China ⓘ
followedBy	Convention of Peking ⓘ
granted	expanded trade rights to Western powers ⓘ extraterritorial rights to foreign nationals in China ⓘ freedom of Christian missionary activity in China ⓘ freedom of movement for foreigners in the Chinese interior with passports ⓘ opening of additional treaty ports in China ⓘ right of foreign legations in Beijing ⓘ
historicalPeriod	19th century ⓘ
imposedOn	Qing China ⓘ linked to: Qing dynasty
language	Chinese ⓘ English ⓘ French ⓘ Russian ⓘ
partOf	series of unequal treaties imposed on China ⓘ
precedes	Convention of Peking ⓘ
relatedTo	Opium Wars ⓘ Treaty of Nanking ⓘ
restricted	Chinese sovereignty over its legal system ⓘ
resultOf	military defeats of Qing China in the Second Opium War ⓘ
signedAt	Tianjin ⓘ
signedBy	American plenipotentiaries ⓘ British plenipotentiaries ⓘ French plenipotentiaries ⓘ Russian plenipotentiaries ⓘ representatives of the Qing government ⓘ
signedDuring	Second Opium War ⓘ linked to: Opium Wars
signedIn	1858 ⓘ
stipulated	fixed tariffs on trade ⓘ indemnities to be paid by Qing China ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (20)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Second Opium War → result → Treaty of Tientsin ⓘ

subject linked to: Opium Wars

Opium Wars → significantTreaty → Treaty of Tientsin ⓘ

Treaties of the United Kingdom → hasPart → Treaty of Tientsin 1858 ⓘ

linked to: Treaty of Tientsin

Shanghai International Settlement (British participation) → legalBasis → Treaty of Tianjin ⓘ

linked to: Treaty of Tientsin

British concession in Hankow → establishedAsResultOf → Treaty of Tianjin ⓘ

linked to: Treaty of Tientsin

Treaty of Tientsin → alsoKnownAs → Treaties of Tientsin ⓘ

linked to: Treaty of Tientsin

Treaty of Tientsin → alsoKnownAs → Treaties of Tianjin ⓘ

linked to: Treaty of Tientsin

Convention of Peking → implements → Treaty of Tientsin (1858) ⓘ

linked to: Treaty of Tientsin

Convention of Peking → relatedTo → Treaty of Tientsin ⓘ

Century of Humiliation → hasPart → Treaty of Tianjin ⓘ

linked to: Treaty of Tientsin

James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin → notableWork → Treaty of Tientsin ⓘ

Shanghai Municipal Council → follows → Treaty of Tianjin ⓘ

linked to: Treaty of Tientsin

British concession in Tianjin → establishedAsResultOf → Treaty of Tientsin ⓘ

British informal empire in China → consolidatedBy → Treaty of Tianjin ⓘ

linked to: Treaty of Tientsin

Yangtze River treaty port system → hasCause → Treaty of Tianjin ⓘ

linked to: Treaty of Tientsin

Treaty of Wanghia → followedBy → Treaty of Tientsin ⓘ

Treaty of Wanghia → followedBy → Treaty of Tianjin (1858) ⓘ

linked to: Treaty of Tientsin

Arrow War → consequence → Treaty of Tientsin ⓘ

Convention of Chefoo → relatedTo → Treaty of Tianjin ⓘ

linked to: Treaty of Tientsin

Second Anglo-Chinese War → treaty → Treaty of Tientsin ⓘ

All labels observed (7)

How this entity was disambiguated Show

Statements (47)

How these facts were elicited Show

Referenced by (20)

How this entity was disambiguated

How these facts were elicited