Bungku–Tolaki languages
E139669
The Bungku–Tolaki languages are a subgroup of Austronesian languages spoken primarily in southeastern Sulawesi, Indonesia, known for their shared phonological and grammatical features within the Celebic branch.
All labels observed (5)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Bungku–Tolaki languages canonical | 17 |
| Bungku-Tolaki languages | 3 |
| Proto-Bungku–Tolaki language | 2 |
| Bungku–Tolaki language | 1 |
| Bungku–Tolaki subgroup | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1199499 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bungku–Tolaki languages Context triple: [Celebic languages, hasSubgroup, Bungku–Tolaki languages]
-
A.
Timor–Babar languages
The Timor–Babar languages are a subgroup of Austronesian languages spoken primarily on Timor and nearby islands in eastern Indonesia, noted for their complex phonologies and diverse grammatical structures.
-
B.
Muna–Buton languages
The Muna–Buton languages are a subgroup of Austronesian languages spoken primarily in southeastern Sulawesi and nearby islands in Indonesia.
-
C.
Gorontalo–Mongondow languages
The Gorontalo–Mongondow languages are a group of closely related Austronesian languages spoken primarily in northern Sulawesi, Indonesia.
-
D.
Bima–Sumba languages
The Bima–Sumba languages are a subgroup of Austronesian languages spoken primarily on the islands of Sumbawa and Sumba in eastern Indonesia.
-
E.
Tani languages
The Tani languages are a subgroup of the Sino-Tibetan language family spoken primarily in Arunachal Pradesh and adjoining regions of Northeast India by various indigenous communities.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bungku–Tolaki languages Target entity description: The Bungku–Tolaki languages are a subgroup of Austronesian languages spoken primarily in southeastern Sulawesi, Indonesia, known for their shared phonological and grammatical features within the Celebic branch.
-
A.
Timor–Babar languages
The Timor–Babar languages are a subgroup of Austronesian languages spoken primarily on Timor and nearby islands in eastern Indonesia, noted for their complex phonologies and diverse grammatical structures.
-
B.
Muna–Buton languages
The Muna–Buton languages are a subgroup of Austronesian languages spoken primarily in southeastern Sulawesi and nearby islands in Indonesia.
-
C.
Gorontalo–Mongondow languages
The Gorontalo–Mongondow languages are a group of closely related Austronesian languages spoken primarily in northern Sulawesi, Indonesia.
-
D.
Bima–Sumba languages
The Bima–Sumba languages are a subgroup of Austronesian languages spoken primarily on the islands of Sumbawa and Sumba in eastern Indonesia.
-
E.
Tani languages
The Tani languages are a subgroup of the Sino-Tibetan language family spoken primarily in Arunachal Pradesh and adjoining regions of Northeast India by various indigenous communities.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Austronesian languages subgroup
ⓘ
language subgroup ⓘ |
| arealGroupWith | other Celebic languages ⓘ |
| areEndangered | some member languages are endangered ⓘ |
| areMinorityLanguagesIn | Indonesia ⓘ |
| branchOf | Celebic branch of Austronesian ⓘ |
| familyColor |
Austronesian
ⓘ
linked to:
Austronesian languages
|
| geographicDistribution | coastal and inland areas of Southeast Sulawesi ⓘ |
| hasAlternativeName |
Bungku-Tolaki languages
ⓘ
linked to:
Bungku–Tolaki languages
Bungku–Tolaki subgroup ⓘ
linked to:
Bungku–Tolaki languages
|
| hasGrammaticalFeature |
shared verbal morphology patterns
ⓘ
similar alignment and voice systems ⓘ similar pronominal systems ⓘ |
| hasLinguisticFeature |
cognate basic vocabulary across member languages
ⓘ
regular sound correspondences among member languages ⓘ shared morphological innovations ⓘ shared syntactic patterns ⓘ |
| hasMember |
Bungku language
ⓘ
Konawe language ⓘ Koroni language ⓘ Kulisusu language ⓘ Kulisusu–Koroni cluster ⓘ Laiyolo language ⓘ Mori Atas language ⓘ Mori Bawah language ⓘ Rahambuu language ⓘ
linked to:
Bambam language
Tolaki language ⓘ Wawonii language ⓘ |
| hasPhonologicalFeature |
shared vowel systems across the subgroup
ⓘ
similar consonant inventories across the subgroup ⓘ |
| hasRegion | southeastern Sulawesi ⓘ |
| hasSubgroup |
Bungku languages
ⓘ
linked to:
Bungku language
Tolaki languages ⓘ
linked to:
Tolaki language
|
| hasWritingSystem | Latin script ⓘ |
| higherClassification | Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian languages ⓘ |
| isSubjectOf |
historical-comparative studies of Celebic
ⓘ
reconstruction of Proto-Bungku–Tolaki ⓘ |
| locatedIn |
Indonesia
ⓘ
Maritime Southeast Asia ⓘ Sulawesi ⓘ
linked to:
Celebes
|
| partOf | Austronesian languages ⓘ |
| spokenIn |
Indonesia
ⓘ
Southeast Sulawesi ⓘ Sulawesi ⓘ
linked to:
Celebes
|
| studiedIn | Austronesian comparative linguistics ⓘ |
| subclassOf |
Celebic languages
ⓘ
Malayo-Polynesian languages ⓘ |
| usedBy | ethnic groups of Southeast Sulawesi ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Bungku–Tolaki languages Description of subject: The Bungku–Tolaki languages are a subgroup of Austronesian languages spoken primarily in southeastern Sulawesi, Indonesia, known for their shared phonological and grammatical features within the Celebic branch.
Referenced by (24)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Bungku–Tolaki languages
linked to: Bungku–Tolaki languages
linked to: Bungku–Tolaki languages
linked to: Bungku–Tolaki languages
linked to: Bungku–Tolaki languages
linked to: Bungku–Tolaki languages
linked to: Bungku–Tolaki languages