GSM
E123436
GSM is a second-generation (2G) digital mobile communication standard that became the global foundation for cellular voice and basic data services.
All labels observed (7)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| GSM canonical | 22 |
| Global System for Mobile Communications | 3 |
| GSM 03.xx | 1 |
| GSM Phase 2+ | 1 |
| GSM network | 1 |
| GSM systems | 1 |
| gr-gsm | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1077265 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: GSM Context triple: [UMTS, basedOn, GSM]
-
A.
UMTS
UMTS is a third-generation (3G) mobile telecommunications system that provides higher-speed voice and data services over cellular networks.
-
B.
SIM
SIM is the commonly used abbreviation for the Science and Industry Museum in Manchester, a major UK museum dedicated to the history and impact of science, technology, and industry.
-
C.
LTE
LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a high-speed wireless communication standard for mobile devices and data terminals, widely used as the foundation of 4G cellular networks.
-
D.
Mobile Networks
Mobile Networks is a Nokia business segment focused on providing mobile telecommunications infrastructure, technologies, and services for wireless network operators.
-
E.
3rd Generation Partnership Project
The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is a global collaboration of telecommunications organizations that develops and maintains technical specifications and standards for mobile communication systems, including 3G, 4G LTE, and 5G.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: GSM Target entity description: GSM is a second-generation (2G) digital mobile communication standard that became the global foundation for cellular voice and basic data services.
-
A.
UMTS
UMTS is a third-generation (3G) mobile telecommunications system that provides higher-speed voice and data services over cellular networks.
-
B.
SIM
SIM is the commonly used abbreviation for the Science and Industry Museum in Manchester, a major UK museum dedicated to the history and impact of science, technology, and industry.
-
C.
LTE
LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a high-speed wireless communication standard for mobile devices and data terminals, widely used as the foundation of 4G cellular networks.
-
D.
Mobile Networks
Mobile Networks is a Nokia business segment focused on providing mobile telecommunications infrastructure, technologies, and services for wireless network operators.
-
E.
3rd Generation Partnership Project
The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is a global collaboration of telecommunications organizations that develops and maintains technical specifications and standards for mobile communication systems, including 3G, 4G LTE, and 5G.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (54)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
cellular network standard
ⓘ
mobile communication standard ⓘ second-generation mobile system ⓘ |
| abbreviationFor |
Global System for Mobile Communications
ⓘ
linked to:
GSM
|
| authenticationAlgorithm | A3 ⓘ |
| cellReselectionSupport | yes ⓘ |
| channelSpacing | 200 kHz ⓘ |
| commercialLaunchYear | 1991 ⓘ |
| coreNetworkType |
circuit-switched
ⓘ
packet-switched (with GPRS) ⓘ |
| developedBy |
ETSI
ⓘ
European Telecommunications Standards Institute ⓘ
linked to:
ETSI
|
| encryptionAlgorithm |
A5/1
ⓘ
linked to:
RC4 stream cipher
A5/2 ⓘ A5/3 ⓘ |
| firstCommercialNetworkCountry | Finland ⓘ |
| frequencyBand |
1800 MHz
ⓘ
1900 MHz ⓘ 850 MHz ⓘ 900 MHz ⓘ |
| fullName |
Global System for Mobile Communications
ⓘ
linked to:
GSM
|
| generation | 2G ⓘ |
| globalAdoption | worldwide ⓘ |
| handoverSupport | yes ⓘ |
| identificationUses |
IMSI
ⓘ
TMSI ⓘ |
| initialDeploymentDecade | 1990s ⓘ |
| keyGenerationAlgorithm | A8 ⓘ |
| modulation | GMSK ⓘ |
| multipleAccessScheme | TDMA ⓘ |
| networkType | digital cellular ⓘ |
| originRegion | Europe ⓘ |
| predecessorTechnology | analog 1G systems ⓘ |
| primaryUse | mobile voice communication ⓘ |
| radioInterface | TDMA ⓘ |
| speechCoding |
enhanced full-rate codec
ⓘ
full-rate codec ⓘ half-rate codec ⓘ |
| standardizationBody |
3GPP
ⓘ
ETSI ⓘ |
| standardSeries |
GSM 02.xx
ⓘ
GSM 03.xx ⓘ
linked to:
GSM
GSM 04.xx ⓘ GSM 05.xx ⓘ GSM 06.xx ⓘ |
| subscriberIdentityModule | SIM card ⓘ |
| successorTechnology |
LTE
ⓘ
UMTS ⓘ |
| supportsService |
EDGE
ⓘ
GPRS ⓘ SMS ⓘ circuit-switched data ⓘ fax transmission ⓘ roaming ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: GSM Description of subject: GSM is a second-generation (2G) digital mobile communication standard that became the global foundation for cellular voice and basic data services.
Referenced by (30)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: GSM
linked to: GSM
linked to: GSM
linked to: GSM
linked to: GSM
subject linked to:
OpenBSC project
linked to: GSM