Permanent Settlement of Bengal

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The Permanent Settlement of Bengal was a late 18th-century land revenue system introduced by the British that fixed land taxes permanently and created a class of hereditary zamindar landlords, profoundly shaping Bengal’s agrarian and social structure.

All labels observed (9)

How this entity was disambiguated

Statements (48)

Predicate Object
instanceOf agrarian settlement ⓘ
colonial policy ⓘ
land revenue system ⓘ
aimedAt creating a loyal landed aristocracy ⓘ
encouraging agricultural improvement ⓘ
ensuring stable and predictable land revenue ⓘ
alsoKnownAs Permanent Settlement ⓘ
Zamindari Settlement ⓘ
appliedInRegion Bengal Presidency ⓘ
Bihar ⓘ
Orissa ⓘ
appliedTo landholding intermediaries ⓘ
talukdars ⓘ
zamindars ⓘ
coreFeature auction of estates for revenue arrears ⓘ
conversion of zamindars into revenue-collecting landlords ⓘ
hereditary and transferable zamindari rights ⓘ
intermediary landlord class between state and peasants ⓘ
permanent fixation of land revenue demand ⓘ
recognition of zamindars as hereditary landowners ⓘ
state demand fixed in perpetuity ⓘ
country British India ⓘ
effect agrarian distress in Bengal ⓘ
creation of a powerful zamindar class ⓘ
frequent sale and fragmentation of estates ⓘ
growth of absentee landlordism ⓘ
increased rent extraction from cultivators ⓘ
limited state share in rising agricultural income ⓘ
long-term rigidity of revenue structure ⓘ
marginalization of peasants ⓘ
weakening of customary peasant rights ⓘ
historicalContext late 18th-century British colonial reforms ⓘ
post-Battle of Plassey consolidation of Company rule ⓘ
influencedBy Charles Cornwallis ⓘ
John Shore ⓘ
introducedBy British East India Company ⓘ
Lord Cornwallis ⓘ
linked to: Charles Cornwallis
legalStatus binding in perpetuity unless altered by the British government ⓘ
legislativeAct Regulation I of 1793 ⓘ
linked to: Code of 1793
longTermImpact affecting patterns of land tenure in eastern India ⓘ
contributing to rural indebtedness ⓘ
influencing social hierarchy in Bengal ⓘ
shaping Bengal’s agrarian structure ⓘ
precededBy temporary revenue settlements in Bengal ⓘ
relatedTo Mahalwari system ⓘ
Ryotwari system ⓘ
startTime 1793 ⓘ
subjectOf debate among British officials and Indian nationalists ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (15)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Bengal Presidency → significantEvent → Permanent Settlement of Bengal ⓘ
Bengal Presidency → knownFor → Permanent Settlement land revenue system ⓘ
linked to: Permanent Settlement of Bengal
Company rule in India → economicPolicy → Permanent Settlement of Bengal ⓘ
Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis → reform → Permanent Settlement of Bengal ⓘ
subject linked to: 1st Marquess Cornwallis
Permanent Settlement of Bengal → alsoKnownAs → Permanent Settlement ⓘ
linked to: Permanent Settlement of Bengal
Permanent Settlement of Bengal → alsoKnownAs → Zamindari Settlement ⓘ
linked to: Permanent Settlement of Bengal
Diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa → relatedConcept → Permanent Settlement (as later revenue arrangement in Bengal) ⓘ
linked to: Permanent Settlement of Bengal
Mahalwari system → contrastedWith → Permanent Settlement (Zamindari system) ⓘ
linked to: Permanent Settlement of Bengal
Presidency of Fort William in Bengal → introducedSystem → Permanent Settlement in Bengal ⓘ
linked to: Permanent Settlement of Bengal
British policies in India → associatedWith → Permanent Settlement in Bengal ⓘ
linked to: Permanent Settlement of Bengal
British colonial authorities in India → appliesPolicy → Permanent Settlement ⓘ
linked to: Permanent Settlement of Bengal
Pabna Peasant Uprisings → relatedTo → Permanent Settlement of Bengal ⓘ
Pabna agrarian disturbances of 1873–1876 → legalContext → Permanent Settlement of 1793 ⓘ
linked to: Permanent Settlement of Bengal
Bengal Tenancy Act debates → influencedBy → Permanent Settlement of 1793 ⓘ
linked to: Permanent Settlement of Bengal
Ranajit Guha → notableWork → A Rule of Property for Bengal: An Essay on the Idea of Permanent Settlement ⓘ
linked to: Permanent Settlement of Bengal