Cannon v. University of Chicago
E108699
Cannon v. University of Chicago is a landmark 1979 U.S. Supreme Court case that recognized an implied private right of action for individuals to sue under Title IX for sex discrimination in federally funded education programs.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Cannon v. University of Chicago canonical | 2 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T913280 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Cannon v. University of Chicago Context triple: [Title IX, notableCase, Cannon v. University of Chicago]
-
A.
Gratz v. Bollinger
Gratz v. Bollinger is a 2003 U.S. Supreme Court case that struck down the University of Michigan’s undergraduate affirmative action admissions policy as violating the Equal Protection Clause by awarding automatic points based on race.
-
B.
Grutter v. Bollinger
Grutter v. Bollinger is a landmark 2003 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the limited use of race as one factor in holistic law school admissions to promote educational diversity.
-
C.
Dartmouth College v. Woodward
Dartmouth College v. Woodward is an 1819 U.S. Supreme Court case that established the protection of corporate charters as contracts under the Constitution, limiting states’ power to alter them.
-
D.
Milliken v. Bradley
Milliken v. Bradley is a landmark 1974 U.S. Supreme Court decision that limited the scope of school desegregation remedies by ruling that courts could not impose cross-district busing plans absent proof of interdistrict segregation.
-
E.
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke is a landmark 1978 U.S. Supreme Court case that struck down rigid racial quotas in university admissions while upholding the constitutionality of using race as one factor among many to foster diversity.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Cannon v. University of Chicago Target entity description: Cannon v. University of Chicago is a landmark 1979 U.S. Supreme Court case that recognized an implied private right of action for individuals to sue under Title IX for sex discrimination in federally funded education programs.
-
A.
Gratz v. Bollinger
Gratz v. Bollinger is a 2003 U.S. Supreme Court case that struck down the University of Michigan’s undergraduate affirmative action admissions policy as violating the Equal Protection Clause by awarding automatic points based on race.
-
B.
Grutter v. Bollinger
Grutter v. Bollinger is a landmark 2003 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the limited use of race as one factor in holistic law school admissions to promote educational diversity.
-
C.
Dartmouth College v. Woodward
Dartmouth College v. Woodward is an 1819 U.S. Supreme Court case that established the protection of corporate charters as contracts under the Constitution, limiting states’ power to alter them.
-
D.
Milliken v. Bradley
Milliken v. Bradley is a landmark 1974 U.S. Supreme Court decision that limited the scope of school desegregation remedies by ruling that courts could not impose cross-district busing plans absent proof of interdistrict segregation.
-
E.
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke is a landmark 1978 U.S. Supreme Court case that struck down rigid racial quotas in university admissions while upholding the constitutionality of using race as one factor among many to foster diversity.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (44)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States Supreme Court case
ⓘ
landmark case ⓘ |
| appliesTo | federally funded education programs ⓘ |
| areaOfLaw |
anti-discrimination law
ⓘ
civil rights law ⓘ education law ⓘ |
| arguedDate | 1978-11-01 ⓘ |
| citation | 441 U.S. 677 ⓘ |
| country |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| court | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| decidedBy | Burger Court ⓘ |
| decisionDate | 1979-05-14 ⓘ |
| dissentingOpinionBy |
Justice Lewis F. Powell Jr.
ⓘ
linked to:
Lewis F. Powell Jr.
Justice Warren E. Burger ⓘ
linked to:
Warren E. Burger
Justice William H. Rehnquist ⓘ
linked to:
William H. Rehnquist
Justice William J. Brennan Jr. ⓘ
linked to:
William J. Brennan Jr.
|
| docketNumber | 77-926 ⓘ |
| fullCaseName | Cannon v. University of Chicago ⓘ |
| holding |
Individuals may bring suit directly in federal court to enforce Title IX
ⓘ
Title IX contains an implied private right of action for individuals to sue for sex discrimination ⓘ |
| impact |
established framework for implying private rights of action from federal statutes
ⓘ
expanded enforcement mechanisms for Title IX ⓘ |
| joinedByInMajority |
Justice Byron White
ⓘ
linked to:
Byron R. White
Justice Harry Blackmun ⓘ
linked to:
Harry A. Blackmun
Justice Potter Stewart ⓘ
linked to:
Potter Stewart
Justice Thurgood Marshall ⓘ
linked to:
Thurgood Marshall
|
| jurisdiction | federal question jurisdiction ⓘ |
| languageOfRecord | English ⓘ |
| legalIssue |
implied private right of action under Title IX
ⓘ
sex discrimination in education ⓘ |
| majorityOpinionBy |
Justice John Paul Stevens
ⓘ
linked to:
John Paul Stevens
|
| page | 677 ⓘ |
| petitioner | Geraldine Cannon ⓘ |
| precedentFor | private enforcement of federal spending clause statutes ⓘ |
| rearguedDate | 1979-01-08 ⓘ |
| recognizedRight | private right of action under Title IX ⓘ |
| relatedCase | Title IX litigation in federal courts ⓘ |
| reporter | United States Reports ⓘ |
| respondent |
Northwestern University
ⓘ
University of Chicago ⓘ |
| result | Reversal of lower court decision denying private right of action ⓘ |
| statuteInterpreted |
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
ⓘ
linked to:
Title IX
|
| volume | 441 ⓘ |
| yearDecided | 1979 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Cannon v. University of Chicago Description of subject: Cannon v. University of Chicago is a landmark 1979 U.S. Supreme Court case that recognized an implied private right of action for individuals to sue under Title IX for sex discrimination in federally funded education programs.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.