Gondwana

E102656

Gondwana was a vast ancient supercontinent in the Southern Hemisphere that included present-day South America, Africa, Antarctica, Australia, the Indian subcontinent, and the Arabian Peninsula.

All labels observed (13)

How this entity was disambiguated

Statements (61)

Predicate Object
instanceOf paleocontinent
supercontinent
alsoKnownAs Gondwanaland
linked to: Gondwana
associatedWithOrogeny Gondwanide orogeny
linked to: Kuunga orogeny

Pan-African orogeny
beganRiftingApproximately c. 180 million years ago
beganRiftingDuring Jurassic Period
brokeUpInto Africa
Antarctica
Arabian Plate
Australia
Indian Plate
linked to: India Plate

South America
containsFossilFauna Lystrosaurus
Mesosaurus
containsFossilFlora Glossopteris
linked to: Gondwanan flora
existedFrom late Neoproterozoic
existedUntil early Cenozoic in fragmented form
formedApproximately 600 million years ago
c. 600–550 million years ago
formedDuring Neoproterozoic Era
fullyFragmentedBy Cretaceous Period
linked to: Cretaceous
geologicalEvidence correlated rock formations across member continents
glacial striations and tillites
matching fossil assemblages across continents
importantFor continental drift hypothesis
plate tectonics theory
includedContinent Africa
Antarctica
Australia
Indian subcontinent
linked to: South Asia

South America
includedPresentDayCountry Antarctica
Argentina
Australia
Bolivia
Botswana
Brazil
Chile
Egypt
Ethiopia
India
Kenya
Madagascar
Namibia
New Zealand
Peru
Saudi Arabia
South Africa
Tanzania
includedRegion Arabian Peninsula
locatedInHemisphere Southern Hemisphere
namedAfter Gondwana region
linked to: Gondwana

Gondwana region of central India
namedBy Eduard Suess
opposedTo Laurasia
paleolatitude high southern latitudes
partOfSupercontinentCycle yes
positionWithinPangaea southern part
tectonicSetting southern part of Pangaea before breakup
wasMajorPartOf Pangaea

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (47)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Appalachian orogeny locatedOn Gondwana
Appalachian orogeny involvesPlate Gondwanan plate
linked to: Gondwana
Rodinia followedBy Gondwana supercontinent
subject linked to: supercontinent Rodinia
linked to: Gondwana
Rodinia precedes Gondwana
subject linked to: supercontinent Rodinia
Pannotia alsoKnownAs Greater Gondwana
subject linked to: supercontinent Pannotia
linked to: Gondwana
Pannotia brokeUpInto Gondwana
subject linked to: supercontinent Pannotia
East Antarctic craton basement relatedTo assembly of Gondwana
linked to: Gondwana
Devonian Period paleogeography Gondwana supercontinent
linked to: Gondwana
Avalonia microcontinent separatedFrom Gondwana margin
linked to: Gondwana
Betul historicalRegion Gondwana
Gonds historicalKingdom Gondwana
Gondwana Rainforests of Australia geologicalOrigin Gondwana supercontinent
linked to: Gondwana
Gondwana alsoKnownAs Gondwanaland
linked to: Gondwana
Gondwana namedAfter Gondwana region
linked to: Gondwana
Laurentia riftedFrom Gondwana
Avalonia riftedFrom Gondwana
Avalonia separatedFrom Gondwana
Avalonia separatedByOceanFrom Gondwana
Middle Devonian associatedWith Gondwanan continental landmasses
linked to: Gondwana
Pangaea comprised Gondwana
subject linked to: supercontinent Pangaea
Tethys Ocean locatedBetween Gondwana
Kalahari Craton wasPartOf Gondwana supercontinent
linked to: Gondwana
Proto-Africa relatedConcept Gondwana
subject linked to: proto-Africa
Proto-Africa followedBy Gondwana assembly
subject linked to: proto-Africa
linked to: Gondwana
Pannotia alsoKnownAs Greater Gondwana
linked to: Gondwana
Pannotia followedBy Gondwana
Pannotia includedContinent Gondwana core
linked to: Gondwana
Campbell Plateau riftedFrom Gondwana
Gondwanan flora originatedIn supercontinent Gondwana
linked to: Gondwana
Age of Fishes paleogeography supercontinent Gondwana
linked to: Gondwana
Zealandia separatedFrom Gondwana
subject linked to: Zealandia microcontinent
Late Ordovician glaciationLocation Gondwana supercontinent
linked to: Gondwana
Marathon orogeny continent Gondwana
Miaolingian continentDistribution Gondwanan terranes
linked to: Gondwana
Laurussia riftedFrom Gondwana
Laurussia relatedConcept Gondwana