Treaty of St. Louis (1804)

E9594

land cession agreement treaty

The Treaty of St. Louis (1804) was an agreement in which Sauk and Meskwaki leaders, under disputed circumstances, ceded vast lands in Illinois and Missouri to the United States, later fueling tensions that led to the Black Hawk War.

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All labels observed (7)

Label	Occurrences
Treaty of St. Louis (1804) canonical	5
Treaty of 1804	2
Treaty of 1804 (St. Louis)	2
1804 Treaty of St. Louis	1
Treaty of 1803	1
Treaty of St. Louis (1824)	1
earlier Treaties of St. Louis	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T74144 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Treaty of St. Louis (1804)
Context triple: [Black Hawk War, cause, Treaty of St. Louis (1804)]

A. Treaty of Amity and Commerce (1778)
The Treaty of Amity and Commerce (1778) was a landmark agreement between the United States and France that recognized American independence and established vital commercial and diplomatic relations during the American Revolutionary War.
B. Treaty of Alliance (1778)
The Treaty of Alliance (1778) was a formal military pact between France and the United States during the American Revolutionary War, marking France’s entry into the conflict against Britain and significantly bolstering the American cause.
C. Treaty of Paris (1783)
The Treaty of Paris (1783) was the peace agreement that formally ended the American Revolutionary War and recognized the independence of the United States from Great Britain.
D. Treaty of Paris (1898)
The Treaty of Paris (1898) was the agreement that ended the Spanish–American War, resulting in Spain ceding territories including Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the United States and marking a major expansion of U.S. influence overseas.
E. Treaty of Paris (1763)
The Treaty of Paris (1763) was the peace agreement that dramatically reshaped global colonial empires by transferring vast territories among Britain, France, and Spain at the close of the Seven Years' War.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Treaty of St. Louis (1804)
Target entity description: The Treaty of St. Louis (1804) was an agreement in which Sauk and Meskwaki leaders, under disputed circumstances, ceded vast lands in Illinois and Missouri to the United States, later fueling tensions that led to the Black Hawk War.

A. Treaty of Amity and Commerce (1778)
The Treaty of Amity and Commerce (1778) was a landmark agreement between the United States and France that recognized American independence and established vital commercial and diplomatic relations during the American Revolutionary War.
B. Treaty of Alliance (1778)
The Treaty of Alliance (1778) was a formal military pact between France and the United States during the American Revolutionary War, marking France’s entry into the conflict against Britain and significantly bolstering the American cause.
C. Treaty of Paris (1783)
The Treaty of Paris (1783) was the peace agreement that formally ended the American Revolutionary War and recognized the independence of the United States from Great Britain.
D. Treaty of Paris (1898)
The Treaty of Paris (1898) was the agreement that ended the Spanish–American War, resulting in Spain ceding territories including Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the United States and marking a major expansion of U.S. influence overseas.
E. Treaty of Paris (1763)
The Treaty of Paris (1763) was the peace agreement that dramatically reshaped global colonial empires by transferring vast territories among Britain, France, and Spain at the close of the Seven Years' War.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (47)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	land cession agreement ⓘ treaty ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	1804 Treaty of St. Louis ⓘ linked to: Treaty of St. Louis (1804)
appliesToJurisdiction	Illinois ⓘ Iowa ⓘ Mississippi River valley ⓘ Missouri ⓘ Wisconsin ⓘ
causeOf	Black Hawk War ⓘ
conflict	Sauk claim that negotiators lacked authority ⓘ U.S. claim that treaty was valid and binding ⓘ
country	United States of America ⓘ
describedBySource	United States Indian treaty records ⓘ
enactedBy	United States government ⓘ
followedBy	Treaty of St. Louis (1816) ⓘ Treaty of St. Louis (1824) ⓘ linked to: Treaty of St. Louis (1804) Treaty of St. Louis (1825) ⓘ Treaty of St. Louis (1826) ⓘ linked to: Treaty of St. Louis (1825)
follows	Northwest Indian War treaties ⓘ linked to: Northwest Indian War
hasEffect	dispossession of Meskwaki lands ⓘ dispossession of Sauk lands ⓘ increased tensions between Meskwaki and United States ⓘ increased tensions between Sauk and United States ⓘ opening of Illinois lands to U.S. settlement ⓘ opening of Missouri lands to U.S. settlement ⓘ
language	English ⓘ Meskwaki ⓘ linked to: Meskwaki (Fox) Sauk ⓘ
legalStatus	disputed by Black Hawk and many Sauk ⓘ
mainSubject	Meskwaki land rights ⓘ Sauk land rights ⓘ United States westward expansion ⓘ land cession ⓘ
partOf	United States–Native American treaties ⓘ
signatory	Fox ⓘ Meskwaki ⓘ linked to: Meskwaki (Fox) Sauk ⓘ United States of America ⓘ
significantEvent	cession of Sauk and Meskwaki lands east of the Mississippi River ⓘ promise of annuities to Sauk and Meskwaki ⓘ
signingDate	1804-11-03 ⓘ
signingLocation	Missouri Territory ⓘ St. Louis ⓘ linked to: St. Louis, Missouri, United States
timePeriod	early 19th century ⓘ
topic	Black Hawk ⓘ Sauk village of Saukenuk ⓘ U.S. Indian policy ⓘ

How these facts were elicited