Benkenmitsu nikyō ron
E950525
Benkenmitsu nikyō ron is a doctrinal treatise by the Japanese Buddhist monk Kūkai that systematically contrasts and elevates esoteric (Shingon) Buddhism over exoteric teachings.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Benkenmitsu nikyō ron canonical | 2 |
| Ben kenmitsu nikyō ron | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T11840797 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Benkenmitsu nikyō ron Context triple: [Kūkai, notableWork, Benkenmitsu nikyō ron]
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A.
Shōken Kōtaigō
Shōken Kōtaigō is the posthumous title of Empress Shōken, the consort of Emperor Meiji and a prominent figure in Japan’s modernization during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
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B.
Taishō Shinshū Daizōkyō
Taishō Shinshū Daizōkyō is a modern, critical Japanese edition of the Buddhist canon that has become the standard reference for East Asian Buddhist studies.
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C.
Itsuse no Mikoto
Itsuse no Mikoto is a legendary Japanese prince from the imperial mythological lineage, known as an elder brother of Emperor Jimmu in the early chronicles Kojiki and Nihon Shoki.
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D.
Shinshukyo
Shinshukyo refers to Japan’s “new religions,” a diverse group of modern religious movements that emerged mainly from the late 19th century onward, often blending Shinto, Buddhist, and other spiritual elements.
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E.
Goseibai Shikimoku
Goseibai Shikimoku was a foundational legal code of Japan’s Kamakura shogunate that systematized warrior law and governance for the emerging samurai government.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Benkenmitsu nikyō ron Target entity description: Benkenmitsu nikyō ron is a doctrinal treatise by the Japanese Buddhist monk Kūkai that systematically contrasts and elevates esoteric (Shingon) Buddhism over exoteric teachings.
-
A.
Shōken Kōtaigō
Shōken Kōtaigō is the posthumous title of Empress Shōken, the consort of Emperor Meiji and a prominent figure in Japan’s modernization during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
-
B.
Taishō Shinshū Daizōkyō
Taishō Shinshū Daizōkyō is a modern, critical Japanese edition of the Buddhist canon that has become the standard reference for East Asian Buddhist studies.
-
C.
Itsuse no Mikoto
Itsuse no Mikoto is a legendary Japanese prince from the imperial mythological lineage, known as an elder brother of Emperor Jimmu in the early chronicles Kojiki and Nihon Shoki.
-
D.
Shinshukyo
Shinshukyo refers to Japan’s “new religions,” a diverse group of modern religious movements that emerged mainly from the late 19th century onward, often blending Shinto, Buddhist, and other spiritual elements.
-
E.
Goseibai Shikimoku
Goseibai Shikimoku was a foundational legal code of Japan’s Kamakura shogunate that systematized warrior law and governance for the emerging samurai government.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (40)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Buddhist doctrinal treatise
ⓘ
Japanese religious text ⓘ |
| aim |
to demonstrate the superiority of esoteric Buddhism
ⓘ
to systematize the distinction between esoteric and exoteric Buddhism ⓘ |
| alternativeName |
Ben kenmitsu nikyō ron
ⓘ
linked to:
Benkenmitsu nikyō ron
|
| associatedWith |
Kūkai’s doctrinal system
ⓘ
Shingon school ⓘ
linked to:
Shingon Buddhism
|
| author | Kūkai ⓘ |
| centuryWritten | 9th century ⓘ |
| compares |
ken (exoteric) teachings
ⓘ
mitsu (esoteric) teachings ⓘ |
| countryOfOrigin | Japan ⓘ |
| focusesOn |
esoteric teachings
ⓘ
exoteric teachings ⓘ |
| genre |
doctrinal exegesis
ⓘ
polemical treatise ⓘ |
| historicalContext | early formation of Shingon school in Japan ⓘ |
| influenced |
Japanese Buddhist doctrinal debates
ⓘ
later Shingon doctrinal classifications ⓘ |
| keyConcept |
Buddha’s three mysteries (body, speech, mind)
ⓘ
distinction between surface meaning and profound meaning of scriptures ⓘ hierarchical classification of teachings ⓘ |
| language |
Classical Chinese
ⓘ
Classical Japanese ⓘ |
| mainTheme |
comparison of esoteric and exoteric Buddhism
ⓘ
doctrinal superiority of esoteric Buddhism ⓘ |
| period | Heian period ⓘ |
| preservedIn | Shingon textual tradition ⓘ |
| regionOfInfluence |
East Asian Buddhism
ⓘ
Japan ⓘ |
| relatedWorkByAuthor |
Hizō hōyaku
ⓘ
Shōji jissō gi ⓘ |
| religiousContext | Japanese esoteric Buddhism ⓘ |
| religiousSchool | Shingon Buddhism ⓘ |
| religiousTradition | Buddhism ⓘ |
| subject |
Buddhist doctrine
ⓘ
Mahāyāna Buddhism ⓘ
linked to:
Mahayana
Tantric Buddhism ⓘ
linked to:
Vajrayana
|
| titleTranslation | Treatise on the Two Teachings of Exoteric and Esoteric ⓘ |
| usedIn | Shingon scholastic training ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Benkenmitsu nikyō ron Description of subject: Benkenmitsu nikyō ron is a doctrinal treatise by the Japanese Buddhist monk Kūkai that systematically contrasts and elevates esoteric (Shingon) Buddhism over exoteric teachings.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject linked to:
Kukai
linked to: Benkenmitsu nikyō ron