Salam–Weinberg model
E94919
component of the Standard Model of particle physics
electroweak theory
gauge theory
quantum field theory
The Salam–Weinberg model is the electroweak theory that unifies the electromagnetic and weak nuclear forces within the Standard Model of particle physics.
All labels observed (11)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T797425 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Salam–Weinberg model Context triple: [Abdus Salam, knownFor, Salam–Weinberg model]
-
A.
Standard Model
The Standard Model is the fundamental theory in particle physics that describes the known elementary particles and their interactions (except gravity) through quantum field theories of electromagnetic, weak, and strong forces.
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B.
Higgs mechanism
The Higgs mechanism is a process in particle physics that explains how fundamental particles acquire mass through their interaction with the Higgs field.
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C.
Gell-Mann–Low theorem
The Gell-Mann–Low theorem is a fundamental result in quantum field theory that rigorously connects interacting quantum fields to free fields via the adiabatic switching-on of interactions, underpinning the use of perturbation theory and the Dyson series.
-
D.
Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula
The Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula is a key relation in particle physics that connects a particle’s electric charge to its isospin and hypercharge, helping classify hadrons within the quark model.
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E.
Higgs boson
The Higgs boson is an elementary particle in the Standard Model whose associated field gives mass to other fundamental particles, confirming a key mechanism of particle physics.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Salam–Weinberg model Target entity description: The Salam–Weinberg model is the electroweak theory that unifies the electromagnetic and weak nuclear forces within the Standard Model of particle physics.
-
A.
Standard Model
The Standard Model is the fundamental theory in particle physics that describes the known elementary particles and their interactions (except gravity) through quantum field theories of electromagnetic, weak, and strong forces.
-
B.
Higgs mechanism
The Higgs mechanism is a process in particle physics that explains how fundamental particles acquire mass through their interaction with the Higgs field.
-
C.
Gell-Mann–Low theorem
The Gell-Mann–Low theorem is a fundamental result in quantum field theory that rigorously connects interacting quantum fields to free fields via the adiabatic switching-on of interactions, underpinning the use of perturbation theory and the Dyson series.
-
D.
Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula
The Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula is a key relation in particle physics that connects a particle’s electric charge to its isospin and hypercharge, helping classify hadrons within the quark model.
-
E.
Higgs boson
The Higgs boson is an elementary particle in the Standard Model whose associated field gives mass to other fundamental particles, confirming a key mechanism of particle physics.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (51)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
component of the Standard Model of particle physics
ⓘ
electroweak theory ⓘ gauge theory ⓘ quantum field theory ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Glashow–Weinberg–Salam model
ⓘ
linked to:
Salam–Weinberg model
electroweak Standard Model ⓘ
linked to:
Salam–Weinberg model
|
| assumes | local gauge symmetry ⓘ |
| basedOn | SU(2)_L × U(1)_Y gauge symmetry ⓘ |
| characterizedBy |
electroweak coupling constants
ⓘ
weak mixing angle ⓘ |
| containsField |
Higgs field
ⓘ
left-handed fermion doublets ⓘ right-handed fermion singlets ⓘ |
| couples | fermions to gauge bosons ⓘ |
| describes |
charged current weak interactions
ⓘ
electromagnetic interactions ⓘ neutral current weak interactions ⓘ |
| developedBy |
Abdus Salam
ⓘ
Sheldon Glashow ⓘ Steven Weinberg ⓘ |
| developmentPeriod | 1960s ⓘ |
| energyScale | electroweak scale ⓘ |
| explains |
parity violation in weak interactions
ⓘ
relation between electric charge and weak isospin and hypercharge ⓘ |
| frameworkFor | precision electroweak tests ⓘ |
| hasGaugeBoson |
W^+ boson
ⓘ
linked to:
W boson
W^- boson ⓘ
linked to:
W^-
Z^0 boson ⓘ
linked to:
Z boson
photon ⓘ |
| hasGaugeGroup |
SU(2)_L
ⓘ
U(1)_Y ⓘ |
| implies |
massive W and Z bosons
ⓘ
massless photon ⓘ |
| introduces | electroweak unification ⓘ |
| NobelPrizeAssociated | 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics ⓘ |
| partOf |
Standard Model of particle physics
ⓘ
linked to:
Standard Model
|
| predicts |
W boson
ⓘ
Z boson ⓘ existence of the Higgs boson ⓘ neutral weak current ⓘ |
| satisfies | gauge invariance ⓘ |
| testedBy |
LEP experiments
ⓘ
linked to:
LEP
LHC experiments ⓘ
linked to:
CMS experiment
SLD experiment ⓘ
linked to:
SLD
Tevatron experiments ⓘ
linked to:
Tevatron
|
| unifies |
electromagnetic interaction
ⓘ
weak nuclear interaction ⓘ |
| uses |
Higgs mechanism
ⓘ
renormalizable Lagrangian ⓘ spontaneous symmetry breaking ⓘ |
| validAt | energies below the electroweak scale ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Salam–Weinberg model Description of subject: The Salam–Weinberg model is the electroweak theory that unifies the electromagnetic and weak nuclear forces within the Standard Model of particle physics.
Referenced by (27)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Salam–Weinberg model
linked to: Salam–Weinberg model
subject linked to:
Z
linked to: Salam–Weinberg model
linked to: Salam–Weinberg model
linked to: Salam–Weinberg model
linked to: Salam–Weinberg model
linked to: Salam–Weinberg model
linked to: Salam–Weinberg model
linked to: Salam–Weinberg model
linked to: Salam–Weinberg model
linked to: Salam–Weinberg model
linked to: Salam–Weinberg model
linked to: Salam–Weinberg model
subject linked to:
W^-
linked to: Salam–Weinberg model
subject linked to:
W^-
linked to: Salam–Weinberg model
subject linked to:
W^-
linked to: Salam–Weinberg model
subject linked to:
Weinberg
linked to: Salam–Weinberg model
linked to: Salam–Weinberg model
linked to: Salam–Weinberg model
subject linked to:
’t Hooft–Veltman gauge
linked to: Salam–Weinberg model
linked to: Salam–Weinberg model
linked to: Salam–Weinberg model
linked to: Salam–Weinberg model
linked to: Salam–Weinberg model
linked to: Salam–Weinberg model