Salinas v. United States
E942132
Salinas v. United States is a 1997 U.S. Supreme Court decision that broadened the scope of RICO liability by holding that a defendant can be convicted of racketeering conspiracy without personally committing or agreeing to commit two predicate acts.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Salinas v. United States canonical | 2 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T11730683 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Salinas v. United States Context triple: [Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, notableUseInCase, Salinas v. United States]
-
A.
Reynolds v. United States
Reynolds v. United States is an 1879 U.S. Supreme Court case that established the distinction between protected religious belief and regulable religiously motivated conduct, holding that the Free Exercise Clause does not excuse individuals from compliance with otherwise valid criminal laws such as those banning polygamy.
-
B.
Abrams v. United States
Abrams v. United States was a 1919 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the conviction of antiwar activists under federal law and is best known for Justice Holmes’s famous dissent articulating the “marketplace of ideas” concept in free speech jurisprudence.
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C.
Adair v. United States
Adair v. United States is a 1908 U.S. Supreme Court decision that struck down a federal law protecting railroad workers’ union membership, holding that it violated employers’ freedom of contract under the Fifth Amendment.
-
D.
Dennis v. United States
Dennis v. United States is a landmark 1951 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld the convictions of Communist Party leaders under the Smith Act, significantly shaping First Amendment jurisprudence on speech advocating the overthrow of the government.
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E.
Dorr v. United States
Dorr v. United States is a 1904 U.S. Supreme Court decision that helped define the limited application of constitutional rights in unincorporated territories under the Insular Cases doctrine.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Salinas v. United States Target entity description: Salinas v. United States is a 1997 U.S. Supreme Court decision that broadened the scope of RICO liability by holding that a defendant can be convicted of racketeering conspiracy without personally committing or agreeing to commit two predicate acts.
-
A.
Reynolds v. United States
Reynolds v. United States is an 1879 U.S. Supreme Court case that established the distinction between protected religious belief and regulable religiously motivated conduct, holding that the Free Exercise Clause does not excuse individuals from compliance with otherwise valid criminal laws such as those banning polygamy.
-
B.
Abrams v. United States
Abrams v. United States was a 1919 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the conviction of antiwar activists under federal law and is best known for Justice Holmes’s famous dissent articulating the “marketplace of ideas” concept in free speech jurisprudence.
-
C.
Adair v. United States
Adair v. United States is a 1908 U.S. Supreme Court decision that struck down a federal law protecting railroad workers’ union membership, holding that it violated employers’ freedom of contract under the Fifth Amendment.
-
D.
Dennis v. United States
Dennis v. United States is a landmark 1951 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld the convictions of Communist Party leaders under the Smith Act, significantly shaping First Amendment jurisprudence on speech advocating the overthrow of the government.
-
E.
Dorr v. United States
Dorr v. United States is a 1904 U.S. Supreme Court decision that helped define the limited application of constitutional rights in unincorporated territories under the Insular Cases doctrine.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
RICO case
ⓘ
United States Supreme Court case ⓘ criminal law case ⓘ |
| appliesTo | federal RICO prosecutions ⓘ |
| areaOfLaw |
United States federal law
ⓘ
conspiracy law ⓘ |
| argued | January 13, 1997 ⓘ |
| citation | 522 U.S. 52 ⓘ |
| citedFor | principle that a conspirator need not personally commit predicate acts to be liable under RICO ⓘ |
| concurrenceBy | Stephen G. Breyer ⓘ |
| country |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| court | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| decided | May 5, 1997 ⓘ |
| decisionDate | 1997 ⓘ |
| docketNumber | 95-738 ⓘ |
| fullCaseName | Salinas v. United States ⓘ |
| holding |
A defendant may be convicted of RICO conspiracy without personally committing or agreeing to commit two predicate acts of racketeering
ⓘ
RICO conspiracy liability extends to a conspirator who agrees to facilitate the criminal endeavor, even if he does not personally commit the predicate offenses ⓘ |
| interpretsStatute |
18 U.S.C. § 1962(d)
ⓘ
Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act ⓘ |
| joinedByInMajority |
Anthony M. Kennedy
ⓘ
Antonin Scalia ⓘ Clarence Thomas ⓘ David H. Souter ⓘ John Paul Stevens ⓘ Ruth Bader Ginsburg ⓘ Sandra Day O'Connor ⓘ
linked to:
Sandra Day O’Connor
William H. Rehnquist ⓘ |
| jurisdiction | federal criminal jurisdiction ⓘ |
| keyIssue |
scope of liability for RICO conspiracy under 18 U.S.C. § 1962(d)
ⓘ
whether personal commission of two predicate acts is required for RICO conspiracy conviction ⓘ |
| languageOfWork | English ⓘ |
| legalDoctrine | conspiracy liability without personal commission of substantive offense ⓘ |
| legalEffect | broadened scope of RICO conspiracy liability ⓘ |
| legalSubject |
RICO conspiracy
ⓘ
Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act ⓘ federal criminal law ⓘ |
| majorityOpinionBy | Anthony M. Kennedy ⓘ |
| pageInUnitedStatesReports | 52 ⓘ |
| petitioner | Salinas ⓘ |
| precedentFor | broad interpretation of RICO conspiracy liability ⓘ |
| respondent |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| result | conviction affirmed ⓘ |
| typeOfDecision | unanimous decision ⓘ |
| volumeInUnitedStatesReports | 522 ⓘ |
| voteSplit | 9-0 ⓘ |
| yearOfCase | 1997 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Salinas v. United States Description of subject: Salinas v. United States is a 1997 U.S. Supreme Court decision that broadened the scope of RICO liability by holding that a defendant can be convicted of racketeering conspiracy without personally committing or agreeing to commit two predicate acts.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject linked to:
Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO)