United States v. Turkette
E942129
United States v. Turkette is a 1981 U.S. Supreme Court case that held the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) applies to both legitimate and wholly criminal enterprises.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| United States v. Turkette canonical | 1 |
| United States v. Turkette, 452 U.S. 576 (1981) | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T11730680 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: United States v. Turkette Context triple: [Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, notableUseInCase, United States v. Turkette]
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A.
United States v. Classic
United States v. Classic is a 1941 U.S. Supreme Court decision that expanded federal authority over primary elections by holding that Congress can regulate primaries when they are an integral part of the electoral process for federal offices.
-
B.
United States v. Guest
United States v. Guest is a 1966 U.S. Supreme Court case that held the federal government can prosecute private conspiracies to interfere with constitutional rights, particularly the right to travel, under certain circumstances.
-
C.
United States v. Eichman
United States v. Eichman is a 1990 U.S. Supreme Court case that struck down a federal law banning flag desecration as unconstitutional under the First Amendment’s protection of free speech.
-
D.
United States v. Bajakajian
United States v. Bajakajian is a 1998 U.S. Supreme Court case that held, for the first time, that a criminal forfeiture could violate the Eighth Amendment’s Excessive Fines Clause if it is grossly disproportionate to the gravity of the offense.
-
E.
United States v. Patane
United States v. Patane is a U.S. Supreme Court decision that limited the exclusionary rule by holding that physical evidence obtained as a result of unwarned but voluntary statements is admissible despite a Miranda violation.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: United States v. Turkette Target entity description: United States v. Turkette is a 1981 U.S. Supreme Court case that held the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) applies to both legitimate and wholly criminal enterprises.
-
A.
United States v. Classic
United States v. Classic is a 1941 U.S. Supreme Court decision that expanded federal authority over primary elections by holding that Congress can regulate primaries when they are an integral part of the electoral process for federal offices.
-
B.
United States v. Guest
United States v. Guest is a 1966 U.S. Supreme Court case that held the federal government can prosecute private conspiracies to interfere with constitutional rights, particularly the right to travel, under certain circumstances.
-
C.
United States v. Eichman
United States v. Eichman is a 1990 U.S. Supreme Court case that struck down a federal law banning flag desecration as unconstitutional under the First Amendment’s protection of free speech.
-
D.
United States v. Bajakajian
United States v. Bajakajian is a 1998 U.S. Supreme Court case that held, for the first time, that a criminal forfeiture could violate the Eighth Amendment’s Excessive Fines Clause if it is grossly disproportionate to the gravity of the offense.
-
E.
United States v. Patane
United States v. Patane is a U.S. Supreme Court decision that limited the exclusionary rule by holding that physical evidence obtained as a result of unwarned but voluntary statements is admissible despite a Miranda violation.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (44)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
RICO case
ⓘ
U.S. Supreme Court case ⓘ legal case ⓘ |
| areaOfLaw |
criminal law
ⓘ
federal statutory interpretation ⓘ organized crime law ⓘ |
| arguedDate | 1981-03-02 ⓘ |
| category |
1981 in United States case law
ⓘ
United States Supreme Court cases on RICO ⓘ |
| citationStyle |
United States v. Turkette, 452 U.S. 576 (1981)
ⓘ
linked to:
United States v. Turkette
|
| citedBy | later RICO cases interpreting "enterprise" ⓘ |
| clarifiedConcept |
meaning of "enterprise" under RICO
ⓘ
relationship between enterprise and pattern of racketeering activity ⓘ |
| decisionDate | 1981-06-17 ⓘ |
| decisionType | unanimous decision ⓘ |
| hasCitation |
101 S. Ct. 2524
ⓘ
452 U.S. 576 ⓘ 69 L. Ed. 2d 246 ⓘ |
| hasCountry |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| hasCourt | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| holding |
RICO applies to both legitimate and wholly criminal enterprises
ⓘ
an enterprise under RICO can be an association-in-fact engaged solely in illegitimate activities ⓘ |
| impact |
established that proof of enterprise is distinct from proof of racketeering acts
ⓘ
expanded use of RICO against criminal organizations ⓘ |
| involves |
association-in-fact enterprise
ⓘ
organized crime ⓘ |
| jurisdiction | federal question jurisdiction ⓘ |
| languageOfDecision | English ⓘ |
| legalIssue |
application of RICO to criminal organizations
ⓘ
scope of RICO "enterprise" definition ⓘ |
| legalSystem | common law ⓘ |
| majorityOpinionBy |
Justice Byron R. White
ⓘ
linked to:
Byron R. White
|
| partOf | RICO jurisprudence ⓘ |
| petitioner |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| precedentialStatus | binding precedent in U.S. federal courts ⓘ |
| reasoning |
Congress intended RICO to reach both legitimate and illegitimate enterprises
ⓘ
statutory language and legislative history support broad reading of "enterprise" ⓘ |
| respondent | Turkette ⓘ |
| result | conviction under RICO upheld ⓘ |
| statuteInterpreted |
18 U.S.C. § 1961
ⓘ
18 U.S.C. § 1962 ⓘ Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act ⓘ |
| termOfCourt | 1980 Term ⓘ |
| vote | 9-0 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: United States v. Turkette Description of subject: United States v. Turkette is a 1981 U.S. Supreme Court case that held the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) applies to both legitimate and wholly criminal enterprises.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject linked to:
Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO)
linked to: United States v. Turkette