Civil Rights Act of 1968, Title X (Anti-Riot Act)
E892829
The Civil Rights Act of 1968, Title X (Anti-Riot Act) is a U.S. federal law that criminalizes traveling or using interstate commerce with intent to incite, organize, promote, or participate in riots, and has been controversially applied in high-profile protest-related prosecutions.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Civil Rights Act of 1968 | 2 |
| Civil Rights Act of 1968, Title X (Anti-Riot Act) canonical | 1 |
| Federal Anti-Riot Act | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T10894838 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Civil Rights Act of 1968, Title X (Anti-Riot Act) Context triple: [Chicago Eight trial, legalBasis, Civil Rights Act of 1968, Title X (Anti-Riot Act)]
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A.
Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1968
Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 is a federal fair housing provision that prohibits discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on race, color, religion, or national origin.
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B.
Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955
The Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 is an Indian law that criminalizes and seeks to eliminate the practice of untouchability and related forms of discrimination, particularly against Scheduled Castes.
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C.
Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968
The Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 is a major U.S. federal law that expanded law enforcement powers, regulated electronic surveillance, and provided funding and standards for criminal justice programs nationwide.
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D.
Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987
The Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987 is a U.S. federal law that broadened the scope of civil rights protections by ensuring that institutions receiving any federal funds must comply with anti-discrimination laws across all of their programs and activities.
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E.
Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968
The Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968 is a landmark U.S. federal law that greatly expanded housing assistance and homeownership programs, particularly for low- and moderate-income families, and significantly shaped modern federal housing policy.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Civil Rights Act of 1968, Title X (Anti-Riot Act) Target entity description: The Civil Rights Act of 1968, Title X (Anti-Riot Act) is a U.S. federal law that criminalizes traveling or using interstate commerce with intent to incite, organize, promote, or participate in riots, and has been controversially applied in high-profile protest-related prosecutions.
-
A.
Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1968
Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 is a federal fair housing provision that prohibits discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on race, color, religion, or national origin.
-
B.
Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955
The Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 is an Indian law that criminalizes and seeks to eliminate the practice of untouchability and related forms of discrimination, particularly against Scheduled Castes.
-
C.
Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968
The Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 is a major U.S. federal law that expanded law enforcement powers, regulated electronic surveillance, and provided funding and standards for criminal justice programs nationwide.
-
D.
Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987
The Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987 is a U.S. federal law that broadened the scope of civil rights protections by ensuring that institutions receiving any federal funds must comply with anti-discrimination laws across all of their programs and activities.
-
E.
Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968
The Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968 is a landmark U.S. federal law that greatly expanded housing assistance and homeownership programs, particularly for low- and moderate-income families, and significantly shaped modern federal housing policy.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States federal statute
ⓘ
criminal law statute ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs | Anti-Riot Act ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
both citizens and non-citizens within U.S. jurisdiction
ⓘ
interstate travelers ⓘ users of facilities of interstate commerce ⓘ |
| chapterOf | Title 18 of the United States Code ⓘ |
| codifiedIn |
18 U.S.C. § 2101
ⓘ
18 U.S.C. § 2102 ⓘ |
| country | United States of America ⓘ |
| dateEnacted | 1968-04-11 ⓘ |
| defines | riot ⓘ |
| enactedBy | United States Congress ⓘ |
| enforcementBy |
United States Attorneys
ⓘ
United States Department of Justice ⓘ |
| hasBeenCriticizedFor |
potential chilling effect on First Amendment rights
ⓘ
vagueness and overbreadth ⓘ |
| historicalContext |
civil rights era
ⓘ
urban riots of the 1960s ⓘ |
| jurisdiction |
United States federal government
ⓘ
linked to:
United States government
|
| languageIncludes |
aid or abet any person in inciting or participating in a riot
ⓘ
incite a riot ⓘ organize, promote, encourage, participate in, or carry on a riot ⓘ |
| legalBasis |
Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution
ⓘ
linked to:
Commerce Clause
|
| maximumPenalty | 5 years imprisonment ⓘ |
| partOf | Civil Rights Act of 1968 ⓘ |
| penaltyIncludes |
fine
ⓘ
imprisonment ⓘ |
| prohibits |
committing any act of violence in furtherance of a riot
ⓘ
encouraging a riot ⓘ organizing a riot ⓘ participating in or carrying on a riot ⓘ promoting a riot ⓘ travel in interstate or foreign commerce with intent to incite a riot ⓘ use of any facility of interstate or foreign commerce with intent to incite a riot ⓘ |
| purpose | to criminalize use of interstate commerce to incite or participate in riots ⓘ |
| requiresElement |
specific intent related to a riot
ⓘ
use of interstate or foreign commerce ⓘ |
| scope | nationwide within the United States ⓘ |
| signedBy | Lyndon B. Johnson ⓘ |
| subjectMatter |
criminal incitement
ⓘ
interstate commerce ⓘ riots ⓘ |
| typeOfOffense | federal felony ⓘ |
| usedInContext |
civil unrest cases
ⓘ
protest-related prosecutions ⓘ |
| yearEnacted | 1968 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Civil Rights Act of 1968, Title X (Anti-Riot Act) Description of subject: The Civil Rights Act of 1968, Title X (Anti-Riot Act) is a U.S. federal law that criminalizes traveling or using interstate commerce with intent to incite, organize, promote, or participate in riots, and has been controversially applied in high-profile protest-related prosecutions.
Referenced by (4)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Civil Rights Act of 1968, Title X (Anti-Riot Act)
linked to: Civil Rights Act of 1968, Title X (Anti-Riot Act)
linked to: Civil Rights Act of 1968, Title X (Anti-Riot Act)