Grain-128
E845876
Grain-128 is a lightweight stream cipher designed for constrained environments, offering 128-bit security and widely studied within modern cryptographic research.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Grain-128a | 3 |
| Grain-128 canonical | 2 |
| Grain family of stream ciphers | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T10168174 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Grain-128 Context triple: [eSTREAM, recommendedCipher, Grain-128]
-
A.
Salsa20
Salsa20 is a high-speed stream cipher designed by Daniel J. Bernstein, widely used in modern cryptography for its strong security and efficient software performance.
-
B.
Serpent cipher
Serpent cipher is a symmetric-key block cipher and former AES finalist known for its strong security margin and conservative design based on a substitution–permutation network structure.
-
C.
Keccak
Keccak is a cryptographic hash function family that forms the basis of the SHA-3 standard, known for its sponge construction and strong security properties.
-
D.
Rijndael
Rijndael is a symmetric block cipher designed by Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen that was selected by NIST as the basis for the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES).
-
E.
Poly1305
Poly1305 is a high-speed message authentication code (MAC) algorithm commonly used with stream ciphers like ChaCha20 to provide data integrity and authenticity.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Grain-128 Target entity description: Grain-128 is a lightweight stream cipher designed for constrained environments, offering 128-bit security and widely studied within modern cryptographic research.
-
A.
Salsa20
Salsa20 is a high-speed stream cipher designed by Daniel J. Bernstein, widely used in modern cryptography for its strong security and efficient software performance.
-
B.
Serpent cipher
Serpent cipher is a symmetric-key block cipher and former AES finalist known for its strong security margin and conservative design based on a substitution–permutation network structure.
-
C.
Keccak
Keccak is a cryptographic hash function family that forms the basis of the SHA-3 standard, known for its sponge construction and strong security properties.
-
D.
Rijndael
Rijndael is a symmetric block cipher designed by Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen that was selected by NIST as the basis for the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES).
-
E.
Poly1305
Poly1305 is a high-speed message authentication code (MAC) algorithm commonly used with stream ciphers like ChaCha20 to provide data integrity and authenticity.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (41)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
cryptographic primitive
ⓘ
lightweight stream cipher ⓘ stream cipher ⓘ symmetric-key algorithm ⓘ |
| applicationDomain |
hardware security modules for low-cost devices
ⓘ
resource-constrained cryptographic protocols ⓘ |
| belongsToCategory | LFSR-based stream ciphers ⓘ |
| cipherType | bit-oriented stream cipher ⓘ |
| comparedWith |
Grain v1
ⓘ
Grain-128a ⓘ
linked to:
Grain-128
MICKEY 2.0 ⓘ Trivium ⓘ |
| designedFor |
constrained environments
ⓘ
hardware-oriented implementations ⓘ resource-constrained devices ⓘ |
| designGoal |
high throughput in hardware
ⓘ
low power consumption ⓘ small hardware footprint ⓘ |
| fieldOfStudy |
lightweight cryptography
ⓘ
modern cryptography ⓘ stream cipher design ⓘ |
| hasProperty | designed to provide 128-bit security with minimal hardware resources ⓘ |
| hasSecurityLevel | 128-bit security ⓘ |
| hasVariant |
Grain-128a
ⓘ
linked to:
Grain-128
|
| isPartOf |
Grain family of stream ciphers
ⓘ
linked to:
Grain-128
|
| ivSize | 96 bits ⓘ |
| keySize | 128 bits ⓘ |
| operationMode | synchronous stream cipher ⓘ |
| outputType | keystream bits ⓘ |
| securityProperty |
confidentiality
ⓘ
resistance to known cryptanalytic attacks (as of its proposal) ⓘ |
| status | subject of ongoing cryptanalysis ⓘ |
| targetPlatform |
RFID tags
ⓘ
embedded systems ⓘ sensor networks ⓘ |
| uses |
linear feedback shift register
ⓘ
nonlinear Boolean functions ⓘ nonlinear feedback shift register ⓘ |
| usesKeyAndIV |
initialization vector
ⓘ
secret key ⓘ |
| widelyStudiedIn | cryptographic research ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Grain-128 Description of subject: Grain-128 is a lightweight stream cipher designed for constrained environments, offering 128-bit security and widely studied within modern cryptographic research.
Referenced by (6)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Grain-128
linked to: Grain-128
linked to: Grain-128