Treaty of Indian Springs (1825)

E825499

The Treaty of Indian Springs (1825) was a controversial agreement in which Creek leader William McIntosh and a small faction ceded vast Creek lands in Georgia and Alabama to the United States, leading to his execution by fellow Creeks and intensifying Native American dispossession.

All labels observed (2)

How this entity was disambiguated

Statements (45)

Predicate Object
instanceOf treaty ⓘ
alsoKnownAs Second Treaty of Indian Springs ⓘ
appliesToTerritory Creek lands in Alabama ⓘ
Creek lands in Georgia ⓘ
associatedWithPolicy Indian removal policy precursor ⓘ
U.S. expansionism ⓘ
beneficiary State of Georgia ⓘ
linked to: Georgia

white settlers in Georgia and Alabama ⓘ
causeOfTensionWith Creek traditionalist leaders ⓘ
U.S. federal–state relations over Indian policy ⓘ
controversial true ⓘ
country United States ⓘ
CreekSignatoryLeader William McIntosh ⓘ
William McIntosh, Jr. ⓘ
linked to: William McIntosh
dateSigned 1825-02-12 ⓘ
effectOnCreeks forced migration of Creek communities ⓘ
loss of ancestral homelands ⓘ
historicalPeriod early 19th century United States Indian policy ⓘ
historicalSignificance example of factionalism within Native nations exploited by U.S. authorities ⓘ
key step in dispossession of Creeks from Georgia ⓘ
ledTo accelerated removal of Creeks from Georgia ⓘ
execution of William McIntosh ⓘ
increased internal conflict within Creek Nation ⓘ
legalStatus ratified by United States Senate ⓘ
location Butts County, Georgia NERFINISHED ⓘ
opposedBy majority of Creek National Council ⓘ
reasonForControversy large-scale land cession under pressure from U.S. and Georgia ⓘ
signed by minority Creek faction without full national consent ⓘ
relatedEthnicGroup Muscogee (Creek) Nation ⓘ
relatedPlace Chattahoochee River region ⓘ
Flint River region ⓘ
central and western Georgia ⓘ
eastern Alabama ⓘ
relatedToEvent execution of William McIntosh in 1825 ⓘ
subsequent Treaty of Washington (1826) ⓘ
replacedBy Treaty of Washington (1826) ⓘ
result cession of most remaining Creek land in Georgia ⓘ
cession of significant Creek land in Alabama ⓘ
dispossession of many Creek people ⓘ
signatory Creek Nation faction ⓘ
United States government ⓘ
signedAt Indian Springs, Georgia ⓘ
U.S.Negotiator Duncan G. Campbell ⓘ
James Meriwether ⓘ
violatedLawOf Creek Nation ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (3)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

William McIntosh → knownFor → Treaty of Indian Springs (1825) ⓘ
Treaty of Indian Springs (1825) → alsoKnownAs → Second Treaty of Indian Springs ⓘ
linked to: Treaty of Indian Springs (1825)
Lower Creek people → signedTreaty → Treaty of Indian Springs (1825) ⓘ