Ohio v. Roberts
E821193
Ohio v. Roberts is a landmark 1980 U.S. Supreme Court case that established a reliability-based framework for admitting hearsay evidence under the Sixth Amendment’s Confrontation Clause, later curtailed by Crawford v. Washington.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Ohio v. Roberts canonical | 3 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T9799005 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Ohio v. Roberts Context triple: [Crawford v. Washington, overruledPrecedentInPart, Ohio v. Roberts]
-
A.
Arizona v. Johnson
Arizona v. Johnson is a 2009 U.S. Supreme Court case that clarified police authority to frisk passengers during lawful traffic stops when officers reasonably suspect they are armed and dangerous.
-
B.
Virginia v. Black
Virginia v. Black is a 2003 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld a ban on cross burning carried out with intent to intimidate while clarifying the limits of First Amendment protection for hate speech and symbolic expression.
-
C.
Bucklew v. Precythe
Bucklew v. Precythe is a 2019 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld Missouri’s method of execution against an Eighth Amendment challenge, clarifying the standards for inmates claiming that a particular execution protocol would cause them severe pain.
-
D.
DeBoer v. Snyder
DeBoer v. Snyder was a federal court case challenging Michigan’s same-sex marriage ban that became one of the key cases consolidated into the landmark Supreme Court decision in Obergefell v. Hodges, which legalized same-sex marriage nationwide.
-
E.
Oregon v. Mitchell
Oregon v. Mitchell was a 1970 U.S. Supreme Court case that addressed the constitutionality of federal laws regulating state and local election procedures, including provisions of the Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1970.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Ohio v. Roberts Target entity description: Ohio v. Roberts is a landmark 1980 U.S. Supreme Court case that established a reliability-based framework for admitting hearsay evidence under the Sixth Amendment’s Confrontation Clause, later curtailed by Crawford v. Washington.
-
A.
Arizona v. Johnson
Arizona v. Johnson is a 2009 U.S. Supreme Court case that clarified police authority to frisk passengers during lawful traffic stops when officers reasonably suspect they are armed and dangerous.
-
B.
Virginia v. Black
Virginia v. Black is a 2003 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld a ban on cross burning carried out with intent to intimidate while clarifying the limits of First Amendment protection for hate speech and symbolic expression.
-
C.
Bucklew v. Precythe
Bucklew v. Precythe is a 2019 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld Missouri’s method of execution against an Eighth Amendment challenge, clarifying the standards for inmates claiming that a particular execution protocol would cause them severe pain.
-
D.
DeBoer v. Snyder
DeBoer v. Snyder was a federal court case challenging Michigan’s same-sex marriage ban that became one of the key cases consolidated into the landmark Supreme Court decision in Obergefell v. Hodges, which legalized same-sex marriage nationwide.
-
E.
Oregon v. Mitchell
Oregon v. Mitchell was a 1970 U.S. Supreme Court case that addressed the constitutionality of federal laws regulating state and local election procedures, including provisions of the Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1970.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (45)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Confrontation Clause case
ⓘ
United States Supreme Court case ⓘ criminal procedure case ⓘ |
| abrogatedBy | Crawford v. Washington ⓘ |
| areaOfLaw |
constitutional criminal procedure
ⓘ
criminal law ⓘ evidence law ⓘ |
| citation | 448 U.S. 56 ⓘ |
| constitutionalProvision |
Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution
ⓘ
linked to:
U.S. Constitution, Sixth Amendment
|
| constitutionalRightInvolved | right to confront witnesses ⓘ |
| country |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| court | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| decisionDate | 1980-06-25 ⓘ |
| fullCaseName | Ohio v. Roberts ⓘ |
| holding | Hearsay statements of an unavailable witness may be admitted without violating the Confrontation Clause if they bear adequate indicia of reliability. ⓘ |
| impact |
Established a reliability-based framework for Confrontation Clause analysis of hearsay evidence.
ⓘ
Governed Confrontation Clause hearsay analysis for more than two decades. ⓘ |
| jurisdiction |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| language | English ⓘ |
| legalDoctrine | indicia of reliability test ⓘ |
| legalIssue |
Confrontation Clause
ⓘ
linked to:
U.S. Constitution, Sixth Amendment
admissibility of hearsay evidence ⓘ |
| overruledInPart |
Crawford v. Washington rejected the primary reliance on judicial reliability determinations for testimonial hearsay.
ⓘ
linked to:
Crawford v. Washington
|
| page | 56 ⓘ |
| party |
Roberts
ⓘ
State of Ohio ⓘ
linked to:
Ohio
|
| precedentStatus | partially abrogated ⓘ |
| relatedCase |
California v. Green
ⓘ
Crawford v. Washington ⓘ |
| reporter | United States Reports ⓘ |
| ruleOfLaw | Hearsay is admissible under the Confrontation Clause if it falls within a firmly rooted hearsay exception or bears particularized guarantees of trustworthiness. ⓘ |
| standardAnnounced |
adequate indicia of reliability
ⓘ
firmly rooted hearsay exception ⓘ particularized guarantees of trustworthiness ⓘ |
| subjectMatter |
criminal trial confrontation rights
ⓘ
use of prior testimony at trial ⓘ |
| subsequentHistory | Framework substantially curtailed by Crawford v. Washington, 541 U.S. 36 (2004). ⓘ |
| timeframeOfInfluence |
1980s
ⓘ
1990s ⓘ early 2000s ⓘ |
| topic |
hearsay exceptions
ⓘ
reliability of evidence ⓘ unavailable witness ⓘ |
| volume | 448 ⓘ |
| yearDecided | 1980 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Ohio v. Roberts Description of subject: Ohio v. Roberts is a landmark 1980 U.S. Supreme Court case that established a reliability-based framework for admitting hearsay evidence under the Sixth Amendment’s Confrontation Clause, later curtailed by Crawford v. Washington.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.