Middle Kurdish
E747847
Middle Kurdish is a historical stage of the Kurdish language that served as a linguistic bridge between Old Kurdish varieties and the modern Kurdish dialects spoken today.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Middle Kurdish canonical | 1 |
| Old Kurdish | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T8643515 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Middle Kurdish Context triple: [Serhedi, hasAncestor, Middle Kurdish]
-
A.
Central Kurdish (Sorani)
Central Kurdish (Sorani) is a major standardized variety of the Kurdish language, widely spoken in parts of Iraq and Iran and used in education, media, and official contexts.
-
B.
Southern Kurdish
Southern Kurdish is a major variety of the Kurdish language spoken primarily in parts of western Iran and eastern Iraq, distinguished by its own phonological and lexical features.
-
C.
Northern Kurdish
Northern Kurdish is a major dialect group of the Kurdish language, spoken primarily in southeastern Turkey, northern Syria, northern Iraq, and parts of Iran.
-
D.
Kurdish language
The Kurdish language is an Indo-Iranian language spoken by Kurds across parts of Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Syria, and neighboring regions, with several major dialects and multiple writing systems.
-
E.
Kirkuk dialect
The Kirkuk dialect is a regional variety of Central Kurdish (Sorani) spoken in and around the city of Kirkuk, distinguished by its unique phonological and lexical features.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Middle Kurdish Target entity description: Middle Kurdish is a historical stage of the Kurdish language that served as a linguistic bridge between Old Kurdish varieties and the modern Kurdish dialects spoken today.
-
A.
Central Kurdish (Sorani)
Central Kurdish (Sorani) is a major standardized variety of the Kurdish language, widely spoken in parts of Iraq and Iran and used in education, media, and official contexts.
-
B.
Southern Kurdish
Southern Kurdish is a major variety of the Kurdish language spoken primarily in parts of western Iran and eastern Iraq, distinguished by its own phonological and lexical features.
-
C.
Northern Kurdish
Northern Kurdish is a major dialect group of the Kurdish language, spoken primarily in southeastern Turkey, northern Syria, northern Iraq, and parts of Iran.
-
D.
Kurdish language
The Kurdish language is an Indo-Iranian language spoken by Kurds across parts of Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Syria, and neighboring regions, with several major dialects and multiple writing systems.
-
E.
Kirkuk dialect
The Kirkuk dialect is a regional variety of Central Kurdish (Sorani) spoken in and around the city of Kirkuk, distinguished by its unique phonological and lexical features.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (44)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
historical language stage
ⓘ
stage of the Kurdish language ⓘ |
| chronologicalPosition | between Old Kurdish and modern Kurdish ⓘ |
| follows |
Old Kurdish
ⓘ
linked to:
Middle Kurdish
|
| hasAlternativeName | Middle stage of Kurdish ⓘ |
| hasDomain | Kurdish historical linguistics ⓘ |
| hasLinguisticFeature |
development of modern Kurdish morphology
ⓘ
early stabilization of Kurdish verb system ⓘ emergence of features shared by modern Kurdish dialects ⓘ increased use of Arabic and Persian loanwords ⓘ intermediate stage of Kurdish nominal inflection ⓘ transition from Old Kurdish phonology to modern Kurdish phonology ⓘ |
| hasLinguisticRole | link between Old Kurdish varieties and modern Kurdish dialects ⓘ |
| hasRole | bridge between Old Kurdish and modern Kurdish dialects ⓘ |
| hasStatus |
attested in historical texts
ⓘ
extinct as a spoken vernacular ⓘ |
| hasType | Middle Iranian language stage ⓘ |
| historicalPeriod | medieval era ⓘ |
| influenced |
Central Kurdish
ⓘ
linked to:
Central Kurdish (Sorani)
Gorani ⓘ Northern Kurdish ⓘ Southern Kurdish ⓘ |
| influencedBy |
Arabic
ⓘ
Persian ⓘ
linked to:
Persian language
neighboring Iranian languages ⓘ |
| languageFamily |
Indo-European languages
ⓘ
linked to:
Indo-European language family
Indo-Iranian languages ⓘ |
| partOf | Kurdish language continuum ⓘ |
| precedes |
Central Kurdish
ⓘ
linked to:
Central Kurdish (Sorani)
Modern Kurdish ⓘ
linked to:
Kurdish language
Northern Kurdish ⓘ Southern Kurdish ⓘ |
| studiedIn |
Iranian linguistics
ⓘ
Kurdish studies ⓘ historical linguistics ⓘ |
| subclassOf |
Iranian language
ⓘ
Kurdish language ⓘ Northwestern Iranian language ⓘ Western Iranian language ⓘ |
| usedIn |
Kurdistan region
ⓘ
linked to:
Kurdistan
Upper Mesopotamia ⓘ Zagros Mountains region ⓘ
linked to:
Zagros Mountains
|
| writingSystem |
Arabic script
ⓘ
Perso-Arabic script ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Middle Kurdish Description of subject: Middle Kurdish is a historical stage of the Kurdish language that served as a linguistic bridge between Old Kurdish varieties and the modern Kurdish dialects spoken today.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Middle Kurdish