Salmonella spp.
E739695
Salmonella spp. are a group of pathogenic bacteria that commonly cause foodborne and gastrointestinal infections in humans and animals.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Salmonella | 2 |
| Salmonella enterica | 1 |
| Salmonella spp. canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T8519724 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Salmonella spp. Context triple: [Norway rat, diseaseVectorFor, Salmonella spp.]
-
A.
Campylobacter
Campylobacter is a genus of bacteria that commonly causes foodborne gastrointestinal infections in humans, often associated with undercooked poultry.
-
B.
Arcobacter
Arcobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacteria commonly associated with animals and environmental water sources, some species of which can cause gastrointestinal illness in humans.
-
C.
Yersinia
Yersinia is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria that includes several pathogenic species, most notably Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague.
-
D.
Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli is a widely studied, rod-shaped bacterium commonly found in the intestines of warm-blooded animals and extensively used as a model organism in microbiology and genetics.
-
E.
Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative, comma-shaped bacterium that causes the acute diarrheal disease cholera in humans.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Salmonella spp. Target entity description: Salmonella spp. are a group of pathogenic bacteria that commonly cause foodborne and gastrointestinal infections in humans and animals.
-
A.
Campylobacter
Campylobacter is a genus of bacteria that commonly causes foodborne gastrointestinal infections in humans, often associated with undercooked poultry.
-
B.
Arcobacter
Arcobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacteria commonly associated with animals and environmental water sources, some species of which can cause gastrointestinal illness in humans.
-
C.
Yersinia
Yersinia is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria that includes several pathogenic species, most notably Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague.
-
D.
Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli is a widely studied, rod-shaped bacterium commonly found in the intestines of warm-blooded animals and extensively used as a model organism in microbiology and genetics.
-
E.
Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative, comma-shaped bacterium that causes the acute diarrheal disease cholera in humans.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (61)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
bacterial genus
ⓘ
pathogenic bacteria ⓘ |
| antibioticResistance | increasing resistance to multiple antibiotics ⓘ |
| antibioticTreatment |
fluoroquinolones (for severe infections)
ⓘ
third-generation cephalosporins (for severe infections) ⓘ |
| antigenicStructure |
H antigens
ⓘ
O antigens ⓘ Vi antigen (in some serovars) ⓘ |
| associatedFood |
contaminated fresh produce
ⓘ
eggs ⓘ poultry meat ⓘ undercooked meat ⓘ unpasteurized milk ⓘ |
| biosafetyLevel | BSL-2 pathogen ⓘ |
| catalaseTest | catalase-positive ⓘ |
| causesDisease |
bacteremia
ⓘ
enteric fever ⓘ gastroenteritis ⓘ paratyphoid fever ⓘ salmonellosis ⓘ typhoid fever ⓘ |
| cellShape | rod-shaped ⓘ |
| class | Gammaproteobacteria ⓘ |
| controlMeasure |
hand hygiene
ⓘ
pasteurization ⓘ prevention of cross-contamination in kitchens ⓘ proper cooking of food ⓘ |
| diagnosticMethod |
PCR-based detection
ⓘ
blood culture ⓘ serotyping ⓘ stool culture ⓘ |
| family |
Enterobacteriaceae
ⓘ
linked to:
Enterobacterales
|
| gramStain | Gram-negative ⓘ |
| habitat |
intestinal tract of animals
ⓘ
intestinal tract of humans ⓘ |
| host |
birds
ⓘ
domestic animals ⓘ humans ⓘ reptiles ⓘ wild animals ⓘ |
| kingdom | Bacteria ⓘ |
| lactoseFermentation | non-lactose-fermenting ⓘ |
| metabolism | chemoorganotrophic ⓘ |
| motility | motile ⓘ |
| motilityStructure | peritrichous flagella ⓘ |
| notableSpecies |
Salmonella bongori
ⓘ
Salmonella enterica ⓘ |
| order | Enterobacterales ⓘ |
| oxidaseTest | oxidase-negative ⓘ |
| oxygenRequirement | facultative anaerobe ⓘ |
| phylum |
Pseudomonadota
ⓘ
linked to:
Proteobacteria
|
| publicHealthSignificance | major cause of foodborne illness worldwide ⓘ |
| sporeFormation | non-spore-forming ⓘ |
| taxonRank | genus ⓘ |
| transmissionRoute |
direct contact with infected animals
ⓘ
fecal-oral route ⓘ foodborne transmission ⓘ waterborne transmission ⓘ |
| virulenceFactor |
capsular antigens
ⓘ
lipopolysaccharide endotoxin ⓘ type III secretion system ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Salmonella spp. Description of subject: Salmonella spp. are a group of pathogenic bacteria that commonly cause foodborne and gastrointestinal infections in humans and animals.
Referenced by (4)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject linked to:
Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus)
linked to: Salmonella spp.
linked to: Salmonella spp.
linked to: Salmonella spp.