Middle Irish

E6802

Middle Irish is the historical stage of the Irish language spoken and written roughly between the 10th and 12th centuries, serving as a bridge between Old Irish and Early Modern Irish.

AI illustration

How this image was made

AI-generated illustration of Middle Irish

This AI-generated illustration was produced by black-forest-labs/FLUX.2-dev (1024x1024) from a prompt written by openai/gpt-oss-120b from the entity's label + description.

Prompt

Generate an image of Middle Irish (Middle Irish is the historical stage of the Irish language spoken and written roughly between the 10th and 12th centuries, serving as a bridge between Old Irish and Early Modern Irish.)

All labels observed (4)

Label Occurrences
Middle Irish canonical 52
Middle Gaelic 3
Classical Irish 2

How this entity was disambiguated

Statements (46)

Predicate Object
instanceOf Celtic language variety ⓘ
Goidelic language ⓘ
historical language stage ⓘ
alsoKnownAs Middle Gaelic ⓘ
linked to: Middle Irish
chronologicalPosition between Old Irish and Early Modern Irish ⓘ
developedFrom Old Irish ⓘ
developedInto Early Modern Irish ⓘ
endTime circa 1200 ⓘ
era Middle Ages ⓘ
follows Old Irish ⓘ
hasFeature increased use of periphrastic constructions ⓘ
phonological changes from Old Irish ⓘ
simplification of Old Irish inflection ⓘ
transition toward Early Modern Irish grammar ⓘ
influenced Classical Modern Irish ⓘ
Manx ⓘ
Scottish Gaelic ⓘ
ISOStatus historical language (no modern ISO 639-3 code as separate language) ⓘ
languageFamily Celtic languages ⓘ
Goidelic languages ⓘ
linked to: Goidelic

Indo-European languages ⓘ
linguisticStatus bridge stage between Old Irish and Early Modern Irish ⓘ
partOf Irish language ⓘ
precedes Early Modern Irish ⓘ
primaryRegion Gaelic Ireland ⓘ
scriptDirection left-to-right ⓘ
spokenIn Ireland ⓘ
Isle of Man ⓘ
parts of Scotland ⓘ
startTime circa 900 ⓘ
subdivisionOf Goidelic branch of Celtic languages ⓘ
typicalGenre didactic literature ⓘ
genealogies ⓘ
hagiography ⓘ
usedBy Irish monastic scholars ⓘ
scribes ⓘ
secular poets ⓘ
usedFor historical annals ⓘ
legal texts ⓘ
religious texts ⓘ
sagas and narrative literature ⓘ
usedInPeriod 10th century ⓘ
11th century ⓘ
12th century ⓘ
writingSystem Latin script ⓘ
writingTradition manuscript culture ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (58)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Old Irish → followedBy → Middle Irish ⓘ
Old Irish → ancestorOf → Middle Irish ⓘ
Proto-Celtic → ancestorOf → Middle Irish ⓘ
Middle Irish → alsoKnownAs → Middle Gaelic ⓘ
linked to: Middle Irish
Modern Irish → hasPredecessor → Middle Irish ⓘ
Goidelic → laterStage → Middle Irish ⓘ
Irish language → hasHistoricalStage → Middle Irish ⓘ
Early Modern Irish → follows → Middle Irish ⓘ
Early Modern Irish → developsFrom → Middle Irish ⓘ
Early Modern Irish → alsoKnownAs → Classical Irish ⓘ
linked to: Middle Irish
Ulster Irish → influencedBy → Middle Irish ⓘ
Manx → hasAncestor → Middle Irish ⓘ
T. F. O'Rahilly → areaOfExpertise → Middle Irish ⓘ
Dub of Scotland → languageOfRecord → Middle Irish ⓘ
filid → language → Middle Irish ⓘ
subject linked to: filid (poets)
Osraige → language → Middle Irish ⓘ
Eóganachta → language → Middle Irish ⓘ
Uí Fiachrach → language → Middle Irish ⓘ
Irish people → historicalLanguage → Middle Irish ⓘ
Kingdom of Connacht → language → Middle Irish ⓘ
Gaelic Scotland → historicalLanguage → Middle Irish ⓘ
Annals of Ulster → language → Middle Irish ⓘ
Kingdom of Leinster → language → Middle Irish ⓘ
Macha → languageOfTradition → Middle Irish ⓘ
Annals of the Four Masters → language → Classical Irish ⓘ
linked to: Middle Irish
Fenian cycle → hasLanguage → Middle Irish ⓘ
Thomas Francis O'Rahilly → studies → Middle Irish ⓘ
Irish Dialects Past and Present → timePeriodDiscussed → Middle Irish period ⓘ
linked to: Middle Irish
Cecile O'Rahilly → studied → Middle Irish ⓘ
Kingdom of Breifne → usedLanguage → Middle Irish ⓘ
Annals of Tigernach → language → Middle Irish ⓘ
Ulster Cycle → language → Middle Irish ⓘ
Kings’ Cycle → hasLanguage → Middle Irish ⓘ
Connachta dynasties → usedLanguage → Middle Irish ⓘ
Kings of Connacht → hasLanguage → Middle Irish ⓘ
Ossory → language → Middle Irish ⓘ
Ossory → languageHistoricallySpoken → Middle Irish ⓘ
subject linked to: Ossory (anglicised)
Banshenchas → language → Middle Irish ⓘ
Book of Leinster → language → Middle Irish ⓘ
Uí Ailello → hasLanguage → Middle Irish ⓘ
king of Osraige → hasLanguage → Middle Irish ⓘ
Áed Ua Néill → languageOfRecords → Middle Irish ⓘ
Lebor Gabála Érenn → hasLanguage → Middle Irish ⓘ
Kingdom of Mide → laterLanguage → Middle Irish ⓘ
subject linked to: ancient Kingdom of Mide