Soviet Arctic expeditions

Target entity: Soviet Arctic expeditions
Context triple: [Lomonosov Ridge, discoveredBy, Soviet Arctic expeditions]

• A. Fram expedition across the Arctic Ocean
  The Fram expedition across the Arctic Ocean was Fridtjof Nansen’s pioneering late-19th-century polar voyage that used a specially designed ship to drift with the pack ice in an attempt to reach the North Pole and advance scientific understanding of the Arctic.
• B. Amundsen–Ellsworth–Nobile expedition
  The Amundsen–Ellsworth–Nobile expedition was a 1926 polar venture led by Roald Amundsen, Lincoln Ellsworth, and Umberto Nobile that achieved the first verified crossing of the Arctic Ocean by airship.
• C. Russian circumnavigation expedition on the Rurik
  The Russian circumnavigation expedition on the Rurik was an early 19th-century global voyage of exploration and scientific research led by Otto von Kotzebue under the Russian flag.
• D. Ralph Plaisted expedition
  The Ralph Plaisted expedition was a 1968 snowmobile journey that became widely recognized as the first confirmed over-ice surface expedition to reach the geographic North Pole.
• E. Northern Expedition
  The Northern Expedition was a 1926–1928 military campaign led by Chiang Kai-shek to unify China under the Nationalist government by defeating regional warlords.
• F. None of above. chosen
• G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Target entity: Soviet Arctic expeditions
Target entity description: Soviet Arctic expeditions were a series of state-sponsored scientific and exploratory missions undertaken by the Soviet Union to chart, study, and assert presence in the Arctic Ocean and surrounding polar regions.

• A. Fram expedition across the Arctic Ocean
  The Fram expedition across the Arctic Ocean was Fridtjof Nansen’s pioneering late-19th-century polar voyage that used a specially designed ship to drift with the pack ice in an attempt to reach the North Pole and advance scientific understanding of the Arctic.
• B. Amundsen–Ellsworth–Nobile expedition
  The Amundsen–Ellsworth–Nobile expedition was a 1926 polar venture led by Roald Amundsen, Lincoln Ellsworth, and Umberto Nobile that achieved the first verified crossing of the Arctic Ocean by airship.
• C. Russian circumnavigation expedition on the Rurik
  The Russian circumnavigation expedition on the Rurik was an early 19th-century global voyage of exploration and scientific research led by Otto von Kotzebue under the Russian flag.
• D. Ralph Plaisted expedition
  The Ralph Plaisted expedition was a 1968 snowmobile journey that became widely recognized as the first confirmed over-ice surface expedition to reach the geographic North Pole.
• E. Northern Expedition
  The Northern Expedition was a 1926–1928 military campaign led by Chiang Kai-shek to unify China under the Nationalist government by defeating regional warlords.
• F. None of above. chosen