Van Vleck paramagnetism
E665838
Van Vleck paramagnetism is a quantum-mechanical form of paramagnetism arising from the mixing of electronic energy levels by an applied magnetic field, even in systems with no permanent magnetic moment in the ground state.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Van Vleck paramagnetism canonical | 2 |
| Van Vleck susceptibility formula | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T7457695 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Van Vleck paramagnetism Context triple: [John Hasbrouck Van Vleck, knownFor, Van Vleck paramagnetism]
-
A.
Pauli paramagnetism
Pauli paramagnetism is the weak, temperature-independent magnetic response of conduction electrons in a metal arising from their spin alignment described by Fermi–Dirac statistics.
-
B.
Langevin theory of paramagnetism
The Langevin theory of paramagnetism is a classical statistical model that explains how the magnetization of paramagnetic materials depends on temperature and applied magnetic field by treating atomic magnetic moments as non-interacting dipoles subject to thermal agitation.
-
C.
Curie law of magnetization
The Curie law of magnetization is a fundamental principle in magnetism stating that the magnetic susceptibility of a paramagnetic material is inversely proportional to its absolute temperature.
-
D.
Heisenberg model
The Heisenberg model is a fundamental theoretical framework in quantum mechanics and condensed matter physics that describes interacting spins on a lattice and underpins much of our understanding of magnetism in materials.
-
E.
Lifshitz–Kosevich formula
The Lifshitz–Kosevich formula is a key theoretical expression in solid-state physics that describes how the amplitude of quantum oscillations in metals depends on temperature, magnetic field, and electronic properties.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Van Vleck paramagnetism Target entity description: Van Vleck paramagnetism is a quantum-mechanical form of paramagnetism arising from the mixing of electronic energy levels by an applied magnetic field, even in systems with no permanent magnetic moment in the ground state.
-
A.
Pauli paramagnetism
Pauli paramagnetism is the weak, temperature-independent magnetic response of conduction electrons in a metal arising from their spin alignment described by Fermi–Dirac statistics.
-
B.
Langevin theory of paramagnetism
The Langevin theory of paramagnetism is a classical statistical model that explains how the magnetization of paramagnetic materials depends on temperature and applied magnetic field by treating atomic magnetic moments as non-interacting dipoles subject to thermal agitation.
-
C.
Curie law of magnetization
The Curie law of magnetization is a fundamental principle in magnetism stating that the magnetic susceptibility of a paramagnetic material is inversely proportional to its absolute temperature.
-
D.
Heisenberg model
The Heisenberg model is a fundamental theoretical framework in quantum mechanics and condensed matter physics that describes interacting spins on a lattice and underpins much of our understanding of magnetism in materials.
-
E.
Lifshitz–Kosevich formula
The Lifshitz–Kosevich formula is a key theoretical expression in solid-state physics that describes how the amplitude of quantum oscillations in metals depends on temperature, magnetic field, and electronic properties.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (45)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
form of paramagnetism
ⓘ
quantum-mechanical magnetic phenomenon ⓘ |
| appearsIn |
insulating rare-earth salts
ⓘ
lanthanide compounds ⓘ some organic radicals with singlet ground states ⓘ |
| arisesFrom | second-order perturbation of electronic states by a magnetic field ⓘ |
| canCoexistWith |
Curie paramagnetism
ⓘ
Pauli paramagnetism ⓘ |
| canOccurIn |
closed-shell ions
ⓘ
insulating solids ⓘ molecular crystals ⓘ rare-earth ions ⓘ systems with singlet ground states ⓘ transition-metal complexes ⓘ |
| category |
magnetochemistry
ⓘ
quantum magnetism ⓘ solid-state physics ⓘ |
| contributesTo | total magnetic susceptibility of solids ⓘ |
| contributionType | orbital contribution to paramagnetism ⓘ |
| dependsOn |
crystal-field splitting
ⓘ
quantum-mechanical mixing of electronic energy levels ⓘ spin–orbit coupling ⓘ |
| describedBy |
Van Vleck susceptibility formula
ⓘ
linked to:
Van Vleck paramagnetism
|
| distinctFrom |
Curie paramagnetism
ⓘ
Langevin paramagnetism ⓘ Pauli paramagnetism ⓘ |
| fieldRegime | usually treated in low-field limit ⓘ |
| frameworkDevelopedBy | John Hasbrouck Van Vleck ⓘ |
| importantIn |
crystal-field theory
ⓘ
linked to:
crystal field theory
interpretation of EPR spectra ⓘ magnetism of coordination compounds ⓘ rare-earth magnetism ⓘ |
| magnetizationProportionalTo | applied magnetic field ⓘ |
| mathematicallyExpressedAs | sum over excited states of squared magnetic-moment matrix elements divided by energy separations ⓘ |
| namedAfter | John Hasbrouck Van Vleck ⓘ |
| occursIn | systems with no permanent magnetic moment in the ground state ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
magnetic susceptibility theory
ⓘ
second-order Zeeman effect ⓘ |
| requires |
excited electronic states close in energy to the ground state
ⓘ
non-zero matrix elements of the magnetic moment operator between ground and excited states ⓘ |
| susceptibilitySign | positive ⓘ |
| temperatureDependence |
often nearly temperature independent
ⓘ
weak ⓘ |
| usedIn |
analysis of magnetic anisotropy
ⓘ
interpretation of temperature-independent paramagnetism in solids ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Van Vleck paramagnetism Description of subject: Van Vleck paramagnetism is a quantum-mechanical form of paramagnetism arising from the mixing of electronic energy levels by an applied magnetic field, even in systems with no permanent magnetic moment in the ground state.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Van Vleck paramagnetism