Second Persian Period of Egypt

E647833

historical period period of foreign rule in Egypt

The Second Persian Period of Egypt was the era in the 4th century BCE when Egypt was reconquered and ruled by the Achaemenid Persian Empire under its Thirty-first Dynasty, prior to Alexander the Great’s conquest.

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All labels observed (7)

Label	Occurrences
Second Achaemenid Period in Egypt	2
Second Persian Period of Egypt canonical	2
Achaemenid Egypt	1
Achaemenid Empire in Egypt	1
Achaemenid period in Egypt	1
Second Persian Domination of Egypt	1
Second Persian Period	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T7179499 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Second Persian Period of Egypt
Context triple: [Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt, alsoKnownAs, Second Persian Period of Egypt]

A. First Persian Period of Egypt
The First Persian Period of Egypt was the era when Egypt became a satrapy of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, marked by foreign rule, administrative reorganization, and intermittent resistance by native elites.
B. Late Period of Egypt
The Late Period of Egypt was the final era of native Egyptian rule, marked by political fragmentation, foreign invasions (notably by the Persians), and a cultural revival that looked back to earlier Pharaonic traditions.
C. Second Intermediate Period of Egypt
The Second Intermediate Period of Egypt was a time of political fragmentation and foreign rule, notably by the Hyksos, between the Middle and New Kingdoms.
D. Third Intermediate Period of Egypt
The Third Intermediate Period of Egypt was a time of political fragmentation, weakened central authority, and foreign influence that followed the New Kingdom and preceded the Late Period in ancient Egyptian history.
E. Ptolemaic–Roman Egypt
Ptolemaic–Roman Egypt was the period when Egypt was successively ruled by the Greek Ptolemaic dynasty and then incorporated into the Roman Empire, marked by a fusion of Egyptian, Hellenistic, and Roman cultures.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Second Persian Period of Egypt
Target entity description: The Second Persian Period of Egypt was the era in the 4th century BCE when Egypt was reconquered and ruled by the Achaemenid Persian Empire under its Thirty-first Dynasty, prior to Alexander the Great’s conquest.

A. First Persian Period of Egypt
The First Persian Period of Egypt was the era when Egypt became a satrapy of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, marked by foreign rule, administrative reorganization, and intermittent resistance by native elites.
B. Late Period of Egypt
The Late Period of Egypt was the final era of native Egyptian rule, marked by political fragmentation, foreign invasions (notably by the Persians), and a cultural revival that looked back to earlier Pharaonic traditions.
C. Second Intermediate Period of Egypt
The Second Intermediate Period of Egypt was a time of political fragmentation and foreign rule, notably by the Hyksos, between the Middle and New Kingdoms.
D. Third Intermediate Period of Egypt
The Third Intermediate Period of Egypt was a time of political fragmentation, weakened central authority, and foreign influence that followed the New Kingdom and preceded the Late Period in ancient Egyptian history.
E. Ptolemaic–Roman Egypt
Ptolemaic–Roman Egypt was the period when Egypt was successively ruled by the Greek Ptolemaic dynasty and then incorporated into the Roman Empire, marked by a fusion of Egyptian, Hellenistic, and Roman cultures.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (49)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	historical period ⓘ period of foreign rule in Egypt ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	Second Achaemenid Period in Egypt ⓘ linked to: Second Persian Period of Egypt Second Persian Domination of Egypt ⓘ linked to: Second Persian Period of Egypt
capital	Memphis ⓘ Persepolis ⓘ Susa ⓘ
characterizedBy	Achaemenid satrapal administration ⓘ garrisoning of Persian troops in Egypt ⓘ tribute to the Persian king ⓘ
correspondsTo	Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt ⓘ
country	Egypt ⓘ
dynastyNumber	31 ⓘ
endedBy	Battle of Pelusium (332 BCE) ⓘ conquest of Egypt by Alexander the Great ⓘ
endTime	332 BCE ⓘ
follows	Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt ⓘ
governmentForm	satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire ⓘ linked to: Achaemenid administration
hasRuler	Artaxerxes III ⓘ Artaxerxes IV Arses ⓘ Darius III ⓘ
hasTypeOfRule	foreign imperial rule ⓘ monarchy ⓘ
includedOffice	Persian satrap of Egypt ⓘ
languageUsed	Aramaic ⓘ Demotic Egyptian ⓘ linked to: Demotic script Egyptian language ⓘ Old Persian (imperial inscriptions) ⓘ linked to: Old Persian
locatedIn	Lower Egypt ⓘ Nile Valley ⓘ Upper Egypt ⓘ
notableSatrap	Pherendates II ⓘ Sabaces ⓘ
partOf	Achaemenid rule in Egypt ⓘ linked to: Satrapy of Egypt Late Period of ancient Egypt ⓘ linked to: Late Period of Egypt history of ancient Egypt ⓘ
precededBy	First Persian Period of Egypt ⓘ
precedes	Macedonian Period of Egypt ⓘ linked to: Ptolemaic–Roman Egypt rule of Alexander the Great in Egypt ⓘ
reconqueredBy	Artaxerxes III ⓘ
reconqueredFrom	Nectanebo II ⓘ
religion	Zoroastrianism (imperial elite) ⓘ ancient Egyptian religion ⓘ
startTime	343 BCE ⓘ
timeInCentury	4th century BCE ⓘ
underRuleOf	Achaemenid Empire ⓘ Artaxerxes III ⓘ Artaxerxes IV Arses ⓘ Darius III ⓘ

How these facts were elicited