Chapter XXI – Defamation
E644094
Chapter XXI – Defamation is the portion of the Indian Penal Code that defines and prescribes punishments for criminal defamation and related offenses against a person's reputation.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Chapter XXI – Defamation canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T7125329 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Chapter XXI – Defamation Context triple: [Indian Penal Code, hasPart, Chapter XXI – Defamation]
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A.
Chapter XXI: An Old Acquaintance
"Chapter XXI: An Old Acquaintance" is a chapter from Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel *The Blithedale Romance* that advances the book’s exploration of personal relationships and hidden motives among its utopian community’s members.
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B.
Scendles Chapter
Scendles Chapter is a regional division or lodge within the Time Lord organization, likely serving as a local group for members in a specific area.
-
C.
Chapter 27
Chapter 27 is a 2007 biographical drama film in which Jared Leto portrays Mark David Chapman in the days leading up to the murder of John Lennon.
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D.
Three Chapters controversy
The Three Chapters controversy was a 6th-century theological and political dispute in the Christian Church over the condemnation of certain writings and theologians associated with Nestorianism, which deeply divided Eastern and Western bishops and prompted imperial and conciliar intervention.
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E.
Chapter XV: A Crisis
"Chapter XV: A Crisis" is a pivotal chapter in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel *The Blithedale Romance* that marks a turning point in the emotional and narrative tensions among the main characters.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Chapter XXI – Defamation Target entity description: Chapter XXI – Defamation is the portion of the Indian Penal Code that defines and prescribes punishments for criminal defamation and related offenses against a person's reputation.
-
A.
Chapter XXI: An Old Acquaintance
"Chapter XXI: An Old Acquaintance" is a chapter from Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel *The Blithedale Romance* that advances the book’s exploration of personal relationships and hidden motives among its utopian community’s members.
-
B.
Scendles Chapter
Scendles Chapter is a regional division or lodge within the Time Lord organization, likely serving as a local group for members in a specific area.
-
C.
Chapter 27
Chapter 27 is a 2007 biographical drama film in which Jared Leto portrays Mark David Chapman in the days leading up to the murder of John Lennon.
-
D.
Three Chapters controversy
The Three Chapters controversy was a 6th-century theological and political dispute in the Christian Church over the condemnation of certain writings and theologians associated with Nestorianism, which deeply divided Eastern and Western bishops and prompted imperial and conciliar intervention.
-
E.
Chapter XV: A Crisis
"Chapter XV: A Crisis" is a pivotal chapter in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel *The Blithedale Romance* that marks a turning point in the emotional and narrative tensions among the main characters.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf | chapter of the Indian Penal Code ⓘ |
| appliesIn | criminal courts in India ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
imputation made by signs
ⓘ
imputation made by visible representations ⓘ imputation made by words ⓘ |
| basedOn | concept of protecting individual reputation ⓘ |
| codifiedIn |
Act 45 of 1860
ⓘ
linked to:
Act No. 45 of 1860
|
| concerns | offences against reputation ⓘ |
| contains | ten statutory exceptions to defamation in Section 499 IPC ⓘ |
| containsSection |
Section 499 of the Indian Penal Code
ⓘ
Section 500 of the Indian Penal Code ⓘ Section 501 of the Indian Penal Code ⓘ Section 502 of the Indian Penal Code ⓘ |
| country | India ⓘ |
| defines |
criminal defamation
ⓘ
defamation under Section 499 IPC ⓘ |
| distinguishes | defamation from fair comment and good faith communications ⓘ |
| enactedBy | Imperial Legislative Council of India ⓘ |
| enactmentYear | 1860 ⓘ |
| hasNature | penal provision ⓘ |
| includes |
criminal liability for defamatory publications
ⓘ
criminal liability for sale of defamatory material ⓘ |
| influencedBy | English common law principles on defamation ⓘ |
| interactsWith | constitutional right to freedom of speech and expression in India ⓘ |
| jurisdiction | India ⓘ |
| language | English ⓘ |
| legalArea |
criminal law
ⓘ
defamation law ⓘ |
| legalConcept | imputation harming reputation ⓘ |
| objective |
deterrence of false and harmful imputations
ⓘ
protection of social standing and reputation ⓘ |
| partOf | Indian Penal Code ⓘ |
| prescribes | punishment for criminal defamation ⓘ |
| protects |
reputation of individuals
ⓘ
reputation of legal persons ⓘ |
| providesFor |
exceptions to defamation
ⓘ
punishment for defamation under Section 500 IPC ⓘ punishment for printing or engraving matter known to be defamatory under Section 501 IPC ⓘ punishment for sale of printed or engraved substance containing defamatory matter under Section 502 IPC ⓘ |
| requires |
intention to harm reputation or knowledge or reason to believe that reputation will be harmed
ⓘ
publication of the imputation to a person other than the person defamed ⓘ |
| scope | spoken, written, printed, and visual defamatory imputations ⓘ |
| subjectTo | general exceptions and specific exceptions in Section 499 IPC ⓘ |
| typeOfOffence |
bailable offence (for basic defamation under Section 500 IPC)
ⓘ
compoundable offence (for basic defamation under Section 500 IPC) ⓘ non-cognizable offence (for basic defamation under Section 500 IPC) ⓘ |
| usedIn | criminal proceedings for defamation in India ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Chapter XXI – Defamation Description of subject: Chapter XXI – Defamation is the portion of the Indian Penal Code that defines and prescribes punishments for criminal defamation and related offenses against a person's reputation.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.