Robinson Superior Treaty

E621677

Indigenous land cession treaty historical treaty

The Robinson Superior Treaty is an 1850 agreement between the British Crown and Indigenous peoples around Lake Superior that ceded vast territories in what is now Ontario in exchange for reserves and annuities.

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All labels observed (6)

Label	Occurrences
Robinson-Superior Treaty	2
Robinson Superior Treaty canonical	1
Robinson Superior Treaty (1850)	1
Robinson Treaties	1
Robinson Treaty of Lake Superior	1
Robinson-Huron Treaty	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T6792640 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Robinson Superior Treaty
Context triple: [Anishinabek, treatyPartyTo, Robinson Superior Treaty]

A. Horse Creek Treaty
The Horse Creek Treaty was an 1851 agreement between the United States and several Plains Indian nations that aimed to establish territorial boundaries and ensure safe passage for settlers moving west.
B. Treaty 9
Treaty 9 is a historic agreement signed in 1905–1906 between the Canadian government and several First Nations in northern Ontario, establishing terms for land cession, resource use, and ongoing treaty rights.
C. Treaty 11
Treaty 11 is the last of Canada’s historic Numbered Treaties, signed in the early 1920s with Indigenous peoples in the Northwest Territories to secure land for resource development and settlement.
D. Treaty 5
Treaty 5 is one of the historic Numbered Treaties between the Canadian Crown and various First Nations, primarily covering parts of present-day Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Ontario.
E. Treaty of Traverse des Sioux
The Treaty of Traverse des Sioux was an 1851 agreement in which Dakota leaders ceded vast portions of their ancestral lands in present-day Minnesota to the United States, paving the way for large-scale white settlement and profound disruption of Dakota life.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Robinson Superior Treaty
Target entity description: The Robinson Superior Treaty is an 1850 agreement between the British Crown and Indigenous peoples around Lake Superior that ceded vast territories in what is now Ontario in exchange for reserves and annuities.

A. Horse Creek Treaty
The Horse Creek Treaty was an 1851 agreement between the United States and several Plains Indian nations that aimed to establish territorial boundaries and ensure safe passage for settlers moving west.
B. Treaty 9
Treaty 9 is a historic agreement signed in 1905–1906 between the Canadian government and several First Nations in northern Ontario, establishing terms for land cession, resource use, and ongoing treaty rights.
C. Treaty 11
Treaty 11 is the last of Canada’s historic Numbered Treaties, signed in the early 1920s with Indigenous peoples in the Northwest Territories to secure land for resource development and settlement.
D. Treaty 5
Treaty 5 is one of the historic Numbered Treaties between the Canadian Crown and various First Nations, primarily covering parts of present-day Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Ontario.
E. Treaty of Traverse des Sioux
The Treaty of Traverse des Sioux was an 1851 agreement in which Dakota leaders ceded vast portions of their ancestral lands in present-day Minnesota to the United States, paving the way for large-scale white settlement and profound disruption of Dakota life.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (46)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Indigenous land cession treaty ⓘ historical treaty ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	Robinson Treaty of Lake Superior ⓘ linked to: Robinson Superior Treaty Robinson-Superior Treaty ⓘ linked to: Robinson Superior Treaty
appliesToRegion	Lake Superior watershed in Canada ⓘ north shore of Lake Superior ⓘ present-day northern Ontario ⓘ
benefitToIndigenousParties	annuities per person ⓘ
benefitToIndigenousParties	reserves for signatory communities ⓘ
category	1850 in Canada ⓘ Treaties between the Crown and Indigenous peoples of Canada ⓘ
cededToCrown	vast territories around Lake Superior in present-day Ontario ⓘ
country	Canada ⓘ
governingMonarch	Queen Victoria ⓘ
hasEffectOn	First Nations along the north shore of Lake Superior ⓘ land rights in northern Ontario ⓘ
implementedBy	Province of Canada ⓘ
jurisdiction	Ontario ⓘ
language	English ⓘ
legalFoundationFor	Crown ownership of lands and resources in the Lake Superior region of Ontario ⓘ
legalStatus	foundational treaty for Crown title in parts of northern Ontario ⓘ
namedAfter	William Benjamin Robinson ⓘ
negotiatorForCrown	William Benjamin Robinson ⓘ
ongoingIssue	disputes over adequacy of annuities ⓘ litigation regarding treaty annuity augmentation ⓘ
partOf	Robinson Treaties ⓘ linked to: Robinson Superior Treaty
providedFor	annual annuity payments ⓘ creation of Indian reserves ⓘ hunting and fishing rights on unoccupied Crown lands ⓘ
purpose	to regulate settlement and resource extraction in the Lake Superior region ⓘ to secure Crown title to mineral-rich lands around Lake Superior ⓘ
recognizedBy	Government of Canada ⓘ linked to: Canadian federal government (Ottawa) Province of Ontario ⓘ linked to: Ontario
relatedTreaty	Robinson Huron Treaty ⓘ linked to: Robinson Huron Treaty (1850)
signatory	Anishinaabe communities around Lake Superior ⓘ linked to: Biigtigong Nishnaabeg British Crown ⓘ Lake Superior Ojibwe ⓘ Ojibwe peoples ⓘ linked to: White Earth Ojibwe
signingDate	1850-09-07 ⓘ
signingLocation	Sault Ste. Marie, Canada West ⓘ linked to: Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario ⓘ linked to: Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada
subjectMatter	Indigenous-Crown relations ⓘ land cession ⓘ resource and mineral rights ⓘ
successorTo	earlier informal agreements with Lake Superior Indigenous peoples ⓘ
yearSigned	1850 ⓘ

How these facts were elicited