Article 45 of the United Nations Charter

E61162

article of an international treaty

Article 45 of the United Nations Charter is a provision that empowers the Security Council to have air force contingents permanently available for immediate combined international enforcement action.

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All labels observed (2)

Label	Occurrences
Article 45 of the United Nations Charter canonical	5
U.N. Charter art. 45	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T467302 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Article 45 of the United Nations Charter
Context triple: [Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, composedOf, Article 45 of the United Nations Charter]

A. Article 44 of the United Nations Charter
Article 44 of the United Nations Charter is a provision that guarantees non–Security Council member states the right to participate in decisions concerning the use of their armed forces in United Nations enforcement actions.
B. Article 43 of the United Nations Charter
Article 43 of the United Nations Charter is the provision under which UN member states agree to make armed forces and related assistance available to the Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security.
C. Article 42 of the United Nations Charter
Article 42 of the United Nations Charter authorizes the UN Security Council to take military action, including the use of armed force, to maintain or restore international peace and security when non-military measures are inadequate.
D. Article 41 of the United Nations Charter
Article 41 of the United Nations Charter is a provision that empowers the UN Security Council to impose non-military measures, such as economic sanctions and diplomatic restrictions, to maintain or restore international peace and security.
E. Article 39 of the United Nations Charter
Article 39 of the United Nations Charter is the provision that empowers the UN Security Council to determine the existence of threats to or breaches of the peace and acts of aggression, and to decide on measures to maintain or restore international peace and security.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Article 45 of the United Nations Charter
Target entity description: Article 45 of the United Nations Charter is a provision that empowers the Security Council to have air force contingents permanently available for immediate combined international enforcement action.

A. Article 44 of the United Nations Charter
Article 44 of the United Nations Charter is a provision that guarantees non–Security Council member states the right to participate in decisions concerning the use of their armed forces in United Nations enforcement actions.
B. Article 43 of the United Nations Charter
Article 43 of the United Nations Charter is the provision under which UN member states agree to make armed forces and related assistance available to the Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security.
C. Article 42 of the United Nations Charter
Article 42 of the United Nations Charter authorizes the UN Security Council to take military action, including the use of armed force, to maintain or restore international peace and security when non-military measures are inadequate.
D. Article 41 of the United Nations Charter
Article 41 of the United Nations Charter is a provision that empowers the UN Security Council to impose non-military measures, such as economic sanctions and diplomatic restrictions, to maintain or restore international peace and security.
E. Article 39 of the United Nations Charter
Article 39 of the United Nations Charter is the provision that empowers the UN Security Council to determine the existence of threats to or breaches of the peace and acts of aggression, and to decide on measures to maintain or restore international peace and security.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (47)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	article of an international treaty ⓘ
adoptedBy	United Nations Conference on International Organization ⓘ linked to: San Francisco Conference
adoptionDate	1945-06-26 ⓘ
appliesInContextOf	acts of aggression ⓘ breaches of the peace ⓘ threats to the peace ⓘ
belongsToOrganization	United Nations ⓘ
bindingOn	all Member States of the United Nations ⓘ
cameIntoForceOn	1945-10-24 ⓘ
category	provision on military enforcement measures ⓘ
draftedIn	San Francisco Conference, 1945 ⓘ linked to: San Francisco Conference
enforcementMechanism	combined international air-force contingents under Security Council authority ⓘ
governsTypeOfForce	air forces ⓘ
grantsPowerTo	United Nations Security Council ⓘ
hasCitationForm	U.N. Charter art. 45 ⓘ linked to: Article 45 of the United Nations Charter
intendedPurpose	to enable rapid deployment of air forces for UN Security Council enforcement action ⓘ
interpretedAs	a provision for standing-by arrangements rather than a standing UN air force ⓘ
languageOfText	Arabic ⓘ Chinese ⓘ English ⓘ French ⓘ Russian ⓘ Spanish ⓘ
legalEffect	empowers the Security Council to have air-force contingents permanently available for immediate combined international enforcement action ⓘ
legalNature	binding obligation on UN Member States ⓘ
legalSystem	international law ⓘ
locatedInDocument	Chapter VII: Action with Respect to Threats to the Peace, Breaches of the Peace, and Acts of Aggression ⓘ linked to: Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter
partOf	Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter ⓘ Charter of the United Nations ⓘ
providesThat	Member States shall hold immediately available national air-force contingents for combined international enforcement action ⓘ air-force contingents shall be made available to the Security Council on its call ⓘ the strength and degree of readiness of air-force contingents shall be determined by the Security Council with the assistance of the Military Staff Committee ⓘ
relatedBody	United Nations Military Staff Committee ⓘ linked to: Military Staff Committee
relatedToArticle	Article 43 of the United Nations Charter ⓘ Article 44 of the United Nations Charter ⓘ Article 46 of the United Nations Charter ⓘ
relatedToConcept	UN enforcement measures under Chapter VII ⓘ
relatesToOrgan	Member States of the United Nations ⓘ United Nations Security Council ⓘ
requires	maintenance of national air-force contingents at a specified degree of readiness ⓘ
requiresCooperationWith	Military Staff Committee ⓘ
scopeOfApplication	collective enforcement actions authorized by the Security Council ⓘ
status	in force ⓘ
subjectMatter	Security Council powers ⓘ air force contingents ⓘ collective security ⓘ enforcement action ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (6)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter → composedOf → Article 45 of the United Nations Charter ⓘ

Article 43 of the United Nations Charter → relatedProvision → Article 45 of the United Nations Charter ⓘ

Article 44 of the United Nations Charter → relatedTo → Article 45 of the United Nations Charter ⓘ

Article 45 of the United Nations Charter → hasCitationForm → U.N. Charter art. 45 ⓘ

linked to: Article 45 of the United Nations Charter

Article 46 of the United Nations Charter → relatedTo → Article 45 of the United Nations Charter ⓘ

Article 43(1) of the United Nations Charter → relatedTo → Article 45 of the United Nations Charter ⓘ

subject linked to: Article 43(1)

All labels observed (2)

How this entity was disambiguated Show

Statements (47)

How these facts were elicited Show

Referenced by (6)

How this entity was disambiguated

How these facts were elicited